Tumor Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Whats another name for a tumor?

A

A neoplasm

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2
Q

Define a tumour?

A

An abnormal growing mass of tissue whos growth is uncoordinated with surroudning tissue & continues after removal of the initial stimulus.

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3
Q

What are the main forms of cancer for men & women?

A

PRostate in men
Breast in women
Breast overall

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4
Q

In what 2 ways does cancer spread?

A

By invading adjacent tissue
By metastasing to other sites

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5
Q

Define prognosis:

A

The likely course & outcome of the medical condition

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6
Q

What are the main tissues tumours grow in?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Blood
Lymphoid
Neural
Germ cells (Ovary/Testis)

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7
Q

What are glandular epithelial tumours called?

A

prefix Adeno-
Benign are Adenoma
Malignant are Adeno-carcinomas

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8
Q

What are Squamous epithelial tumours called?

A

Squamous Papilloma
Squamous Carcinoma

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9
Q

Whats the name for all connective tissue tumours?

A

Sarcomas

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10
Q

What are Bone tumours called?

A

Osteomas = Benign
Osteo-sarcomas = Malignant

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11
Q

What are Fatty tissue tumours called?

A

Benign are Lipomas
Malignants are Lipo-sarcoma

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12
Q

What are blood tumours called?

A

There are no benign blood tumours
Malignant are called Leukaemias
Always of the white blood cells

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13
Q

What are lymphoid tissue tumours called?

A

No benign tumours
Malignant are lymphomas

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14
Q

What are Neural tissue tumours called?

A

Tumours of central nervous system are Astrocytomas (of astrocytes)
Tumours of the peripheral nervous system are Schwannoma (Schwann cells)
There are no benign neural tumours

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15
Q

What are germ cell tumours called?

A

Teratomas

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16
Q

Whats differnent about teratomas compared to other tumorus?

A

Teratomas are composed of various tissues not just one tissue type

17
Q

What types of teratomas are there?

A

Ovarian teratomas, usually benign
Testicular teratomas, usually malignant

18
Q

What 8 criteria are used to assess tumors?

A
  • Growth pattern
  • Capsule presence
  • Invasion
  • Metastases prescence
  • cell appearnence
  • differentiation
  • function
  • behaviour
19
Q

What would be the growth pattern of a benign tumour?

A

Non-invasive

20
Q

Are benign tumours capsulateD?

A

Benign tumors are usually constrained by a connective tissue capsule.

21
Q

If a tumor metastasied would be considered benign?

A

No, any metastasised tumor is malignant

22
Q

How do cells appear in a benign tumor?

A

They look similar to the normal cells of the tissue

23
Q

Whats the function like of benign tumor cells?

A

IF they function at all it will be similar to that of the normal tissue

24
Q

Do beningn tumors differentiate much?

A

Benign tumor cells are well differentiated

25
Q

How dangerous are benign tumors?

A

They are rarely fatal

26
Q

Are malignant tumors capsulated?

A

Generally malignant tumors arnt capsulated though some are capsulated tumors that have penentrated their capsule.

27
Q

How do cells look in a malignant tumor?

A

In a malignant tumor cells appear abnormal, unlike the normal tissue cells.

28
Q

How do malingant tumor cells function?

A

They lose the normal function fo the tissue

29
Q

Are malignant tumor cells well differentiated?

A

No malingant tumor cells have a poor differentiation.

30
Q

How do malingant tumours behave?

A

They frequntly cause death.

31
Q

What does the classification of a tumor depend on?

A

Its location (type of tissue)
And whether its benign or malignant.