Tumour immunology Flashcards
What are the 9 factors affecting immune health
Chronic stress, physical inactivity or excessive exercise, poor personal hygiene, impaired microbiota, environmental toxins, lack of sleep, substance use, nutrient deficiencies, poor diet
Aetiology of cancer (3 points)
Transformation of germline cells: inheritable cancers
Transformation of somatic cells: noninheritable cancers
Environmental factors: UV, chemicals, pathogens
Hall marks of cancer
growth, evade apoptosis, ignore anti-proliferative signals, limitless replication potential, angiogenesis, invade tissues, escape immune surveillance
What is cancer immunosurveillance?
When the immune system recognises and destroys nascent (just coming into existence) transformed cells
What is cancer immunoediting?
Tumours tend to be genetically unstable so the immune system can kill and induce changes in the tumours, resulting in tumour escape and recurrence
T_____ s_____ a____ are only found on tumours and derive from viral antigens
Tumour specific antigens
Tumour a____ a_____ (TAA) are found on both normal and tumour cells
associated atigens
True or false, TAA are overexpressed in tumour cells?
True
Spontaneous r_____ is evidence for human tumour immunity
regression (eg melanoma, lymphoma)
What is tumour escape?
When the immune responses change tumours such that tumours will no longer be seen by the immune system
What is immune evasion?
Tumours change the immune responses by promoting immune suppressor cells
Immune responses have a dual function: immunosurveillance and i______ of tumour
immunoediting
What are the 2 types of immunotherapy?
Active and passive
Killed tumour vaccines and professional APC-based vaccines are both types of ______ immunotherapy
active
Are DNA vaccines and viral vectors examples of active or passive immuotherapy?
Active
