Inflammation Flashcards
What cells are particularly involved in chronic inflammation
macrophages and lymphocytes
What cells are particularly involved in acute inflammation?
Neutrophil polymorphs
Polymorph means
Nucleus has many lobes
Are neutrophil polymorphs long or short lived cells?
Short lived
What’s the role of cytoplasmic granules in neutrophil polymorphs?
Contains enzymes that kill bacteria. also release chemicals that attract macrophages. (Can be mediated by antigen tails.)
Are macrophages long or short lived cells?
Long lived (week to months)
What do macrophages do?
Ingest bacteria and debris, may carry it away. Latch onto antibodies. May present antigen to lymphocytes for longer-term immunity
Name examples of macrophages
Kupffer cells, microglia, osteoclasts
Are lymphocytes long or short lived?
Long lived
What do lymphocytes do?
Produce chemicals to attract other inflammatory cells. Responsible for long-term immunity.
What are the specialised lymphocytes that make antibodies?
Plasma cell (B-cell antibody-producing)
Why do endothelial cells become porous?
To allow inflammatory cells into damaged tissues
What allows capillary beds to be full (have blood flowing in them)
Pre-capillary sphincters
Do precapillary sphincters open or close at site of inflammation?
Open
In acute inflammation, net loss of fluid together with p____ p____ molecules into the extra cellular space, resulting in oedema
plasma protein
Are fibroblasts long or short lived cells?
Long lived
What do fibroblasts do?
Later stage of inflammation. Produce collagen in areas of chronic inflammation to repair.
Example of chronic inflammation
Tuberculosis
TB bacteria have waxy coating so aren’t detected by n_____
neutrophils
In TB, many l_____ appear
lymphocytes
Granulomas
Aggregation of epithelioid histiocytes (collection of macrophages, surrounded by lymphocytes, seen in TB)
Why does ice help decrease acute inflammation?
Pre-capillary sphincter closes, less fluid into surrounding tissue. Can be useful when non-bacterial inflammation, reduce prospect of scarring.
A_____-______ may help with insect bites because h____ is a chemical mediator of acute inflammation
anti-histamine, histamine
Common tablets taken to reduce inflammation
Aspirin, ibuprofen
How do inflammation tablets work?
Inhibit prostaglandin synthetase (Prostaglandins are chemical mediator of inflammation)
How do corticosteroids help inflammation (eg skin rash)
Bind to DNA up regulate inhibitors of inflammation
Would you use steroid cream on impertigo?
No - caused by bacteria so need natural response
