Neoplasia Flashcards
What is a tumour (neoplasm)?
A lesion resulting from teh autonomous abnormal growth of cells that persists after the initiating stimulus has been removed
What is a benign tumour?
Non-invasive, low mitotic activity, localised, well-circumscribed, necrosis usually absent
What is a malignant tumour?
Invasive, local and distant spread, poorly circumscribed, abnormal cell morphology, high mitotic activity, necrosis may be present
What are examples of benign epithelial tumours?
Papilloma, adenoma
What is a malignant epithelial tumour?
Carcinoma
What are benign connective tissue tumours?
Leiomyoma, angioma, lipoma
What are some malignant connective tissue tumours?
Sarcoma (eg leiomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma)
What are malignant haematopoietic tumours?
Lymphoma, leukaemia, myeloma
Carcinogenesis involves acquisition of a series of g____ and e_____ alterations
genetic and epigenetic
Proto-oncogenes
These are genes which promote cell growth and survival, thereby promoting carcinogenesis
Tumour suppressor genes
These are genes which inhibit cell growth and proliferation, playing a role in inhibiting carcinogens (eg BRCA, p53)
What are examples of non-small cell carcinomas?
Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
Tumour grading
How much the tumour resembles their normal counterparts (eg well of poorly-differentiated)
Tumour staging
Relates to how much the tumour has spread, involves assessment of lymph nodes, extent of spread to other organs and tissues
