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Tumour classification Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasm vs tumour

A

Tumour is any abnormal swelling (due to neoplasm, inflammation, hypertrophy, hyperplasia.) Often used interchangeably

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2
Q

Lesion

A

Localised abnormality

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3
Q

Viscous

A

An organ

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4
Q

Definition of neoplasm

A

A lesion resulting from the autonomous or relatively autonomous abnormal growth of cells which persists after the initiating stimulus has been removed. A new growth.

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5
Q

Neoplasms consist of neoplastic cells and s___

A

stroma

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6
Q

Neoplastic cells derive from n_____ cells, are usually m_______, and their growth pattern and synthetic activity related to parent cell

A

nucleated, monoclonal (are cells same - true at start but could continue to acquire genetic mutations)

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7
Q

Stroma is the c_____ t____ framework providing mechanical support and nutrition

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

What is the process of a neoplasms getting its own blood supply?

A

Tumour angiogenesis

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9
Q

Central necrosis shows that…

A

The tumour is growing quickly, faster than it can grow its own blood supply

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10
Q

What are the 2 ways to classify neoplasms?

A

Behavioural (benign/malignant/borderline) and Histogenetic (cell of origin)

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11
Q

Characteristics of benign neoplasms

A

Localised, non-invasive, slow growing, low mitotic activity, close resemblance to normal tissue, circumscribed or encapsulated

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12
Q

True or false: nuclear morphometry is not normal in benign neoplasms?

A

False

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13
Q

Is necrosis rare in benign neoplasms?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Is ulceration rare in benign neoplasms?

A

Yes

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15
Q

For benign neoplasms, growth on mucosal surfaces usually e________ (grow outward beyond the surface epithelium)

A

exophytic

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16
Q

How can benign neoplasms cause death?

A

Pressure on surrounding structures, obstruct flow, produce hormones, transform to malignant neoplasm, also can cause anxiety

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17
Q

Characteristics of malignant neoplasms

A

Invasive, metastases, rapid growth rate, variable resemblance to normal tissue, poorly defined or irregular border

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18
Q

Ture or false: malignant neoplasms have hyperchromatic nuclei and pleomorphic nuclei (variability in shape, size, staining)

A

True

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19
Q

Malignant neoplasms have increased m____ activity

A

mitotic

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20
Q

True or false: necrosis and ulceration is common in malignant neoplasms

21
Q

In malignant neoplasm, growth on mucosal surface and skin is often e_____

A

endophytic

22
Q

Malignant neoplasms destroy adjacent tissue, cause blood loss from u____, can obstruct flow, produce hormones

23
Q

Malignant neoplasms can give paraneoplastic effects and cause anxiety and p___

24
Q

Histogenesis

A

The specific cell of origin of a neoplasm

25
Q

What 3 things may neoplasms may arise from?

A

Epithelial cells, connective tissues, lymphoid/haematopoietic organs

26
Q

Non-glandular and non-secretion neoplasms are c____.

27
Q

Benign epithelial neoplasms (non-secretory) are called

28
Q

Benign epithelial neoplasms (secretory) neoplasms are called

29
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant epithelial neoplasm

30
Q

Malignant epithelial neoplasms of glandular epithelium are called…

A

adenocarcinomas

31
Q

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like adipocytes are called

32
Q

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like cartilage are called

33
Q

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like bone are called

34
Q

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like angioma are called

35
Q

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like striated muscle are called

A

rhabdomyoma

36
Q

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like smooth muscle are called

37
Q

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like nerves are called

38
Q

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble adipose tissue are called

A

liposarcoma

39
Q

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble striated muscle are called

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

40
Q

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble smooth muscle are called

A

leiomyosarcoma

41
Q

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble cartilage are called

A

chondrosarcoma

42
Q

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble bone are called

A

osteosarcoma

43
Q

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble blood vessels are called

A

angiosarcoma

44
Q

Where cell type of origin cannot be determined, the neoplasm is said to be a______

A

anaplastic

45
Q

Name some ‘-omas’ that aren’t neoplasms

A

Granuloma, mycetoma, tuberculoma

46
Q

Melanoma

A

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

47
Q

What is malignant neoplasms of mesothelial cells called?

A

mesothelioma

48
Q

What is a lymphoma?

A

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid cells

Pathology (16 decks)

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