Tumour classification

Question 1

Neoplasm vs tumour

Answer 1

Tumour is any abnormal swelling (due to neoplasm, inflammation, hypertrophy, hyperplasia.) Often used interchangeably

Question 2

Lesion

Answer 2

Localised abnormality

Question 3

Viscous

Answer 3

An organ

Question 4

Definition of neoplasm

Answer 4

A lesion resulting from the autonomous or relatively autonomous abnormal growth of cells which persists after the initiating stimulus has been removed. A new growth.

Question 5

Neoplasms consist of neoplastic cells and s___

Answer 5

stroma

Question 6

Neoplastic cells derive from n_____ cells, are usually m_______, and their growth pattern and synthetic activity related to parent cell

Answer 6

nucleated, monoclonal (are cells same - true at start but could continue to acquire genetic mutations)

Question 7

Stroma is the c_____ t____ framework providing mechanical support and nutrition

Answer 7

connective tissue

Question 8

What is the process of a neoplasms getting its own blood supply?

Answer 8

Tumour angiogenesis

Question 9

Central necrosis shows that…

Answer 9

The tumour is growing quickly, faster than it can grow its own blood supply

Question 10

What are the 2 ways to classify neoplasms?

Answer 10

Behavioural (benign/malignant/borderline) and Histogenetic (cell of origin)

Question 11

Characteristics of benign neoplasms

Answer 11

Localised, non-invasive, slow growing, low mitotic activity, close resemblance to normal tissue, circumscribed or encapsulated

Question 12

True or false: nuclear morphometry is not normal in benign neoplasms?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Is necrosis rare in benign neoplasms?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Is ulceration rare in benign neoplasms?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

For benign neoplasms, growth on mucosal surfaces usually e________ (grow outward beyond the surface epithelium)

Answer 15

exophytic

Question 16

How can benign neoplasms cause death?

Answer 16

Pressure on surrounding structures, obstruct flow, produce hormones, transform to malignant neoplasm, also can cause anxiety

Question 17

Characteristics of malignant neoplasms

Answer 17

Invasive, metastases, rapid growth rate, variable resemblance to normal tissue, poorly defined or irregular border

Question 18

Ture or false: malignant neoplasms have hyperchromatic nuclei and pleomorphic nuclei (variability in shape, size, staining)

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Malignant neoplasms have increased m____ activity

Answer 19

mitotic

Question 20

True or false: necrosis and ulceration is common in malignant neoplasms

Answer 20

Ture

Question 21

In malignant neoplasm, growth on mucosal surface and skin is often e_____

Answer 21

endophytic

Question 22

Malignant neoplasms destroy adjacent tissue, cause blood loss from u____, can obstruct flow, produce hormones

Answer 22

ulcers

Question 23

Malignant neoplasms can give paraneoplastic effects and cause anxiety and p___

Answer 23

pain

Question 24

Histogenesis

Answer 24

The specific cell of origin of a neoplasm

Question 25

What 3 things may neoplasms may arise from?

Answer 25

Epithelial cells, connective tissues, lymphoid/haematopoietic organs

Question 26

Non-glandular and non-secretion neoplasms are c____.

Answer 26

common

Question 27

Benign epithelial neoplasms (non-secretory) are called

Answer 27

Papilloma

Question 28

Benign epithelial neoplasms (secretory) neoplasms are called

Answer 28

Adenoma

Question 29

Carcinoma

Answer 29

Malignant epithelial neoplasm

Question 30

Malignant epithelial neoplasms of glandular epithelium are called…

Answer 30

adenocarcinomas

Question 31

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like adipocytes are called

Answer 31

lipoma

Question 32

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like cartilage are called

Answer 32

chondroma

Question 33

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like bone are called

Answer 33

osteoma

Question 34

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like angioma are called

Answer 34

vascular

Question 35

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like striated muscle are called

Answer 35

rhabdomyoma

Question 36

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like smooth muscle are called

Answer 36

leiomyoma

Question 37

Benign connective tissue neoplasms that look like nerves are called

Answer 37

neuroma

Question 38

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble adipose tissue are called

Answer 38

liposarcoma

Question 39

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble striated muscle are called

Answer 39

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 40

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble smooth muscle are called

Answer 40

leiomyosarcoma

Question 41

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble cartilage are called

Answer 41

chondrosarcoma

Question 42

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble bone are called

Answer 42

osteosarcoma

Question 43

Malignant connective tissue neoplasms that resemble blood vessels are called

Answer 43

angiosarcoma

Question 44

Where cell type of origin cannot be determined, the neoplasm is said to be a______

Answer 44

anaplastic

Question 45

Name some ‘-omas’ that aren’t neoplasms

Answer 45

Granuloma, mycetoma, tuberculoma

Question 46

Melanoma

Answer 46

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

Question 47

What is malignant neoplasms of mesothelial cells called?

Answer 47

mesothelioma

Question 48

What is a lymphoma?

Answer 48

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid cells