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CC LEC > Tumor Markers Prt 2 > Flashcards

Tumor Markers Prt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

TYPES OF TUMOR MARKERS

Escaroe

A

ENZYMES
SERUM PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATE AND CANCER ANTIGENS (CA)
RECEPTORS
ONCOFETAL ANTIGENS
ENDOCRINE (HORMONES)

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2
Q

Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer screening, therapy monitoring, and recurrence

A

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

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3
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma, Bone cancers

Determination of liver and bone involvement; nonspecific elevations in liver and bone cancers

Placental ALP (PLAP): Germ cell tumors of testes and ovaries

A

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

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4
Q

Prostatic Carcinoma

TRAP (Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase): used in Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

Acid Phosphatase (ACP)

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5
Q

Neuroendocrine tumors

Prognosis and monitoring disease progression

A

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)

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6
Q

Pancreatic cancer

A

Amylase, Lipase, Trypsin, RNase

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7
Q

: Germ cell tumors of testes and ovaries

A

Placental ALP (PLAP)

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8
Q

used in Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

TRAP (Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase):

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9
Q

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Confirms increased Calcitonin

A

Histaminase

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10
Q

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Classification of CML Predict prognosis and response to drugs

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)

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11
Q

Plasma cell dyscrasias

Diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring

A

Serum free light-chains (Bence-Jones Proteins)

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12
Q
  • found in the surface of all nucleated cells

Hematologic cancers

Prognostic marker for lymphoproliferative disorders

A

B2-microglobulin

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13
Q

BENCE-JONES PROTEINS

Increased in:

A

Multiple myeloma
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
Plasmacytomas

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14
Q

CA 19-9

Monitoring

A

Pancreatic cancer (With gastrointestinal cancers)

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15
Q

CA 15-3 CA 27-29

Response to therapy and detecting recurrence

A

Metastatic breast cancer

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16
Q

CA-125

Monitoring therapy

A

Ovarian carcinoma

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17
Q

CYFRA 21-1

A

Lung carcinoma

18
Q

Breast cancer

Hormonal therapy indication

A

Estrogen Receptor (ER) Progesterone Receptor (PR) ER/PR

19
Q

Her-2/neu

Prognostic indicator and hormonal therapy indicator

A

Breast cancer (with GI and ovarian cancers)

20
Q

Head, neck, ovarian, cervical cancers

Prognostic indicator

Guide treatment for NSCLC (Nonsmall cell lung cancer)

A

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)

21
Q

Indicators for hormone therapy

Anti-estrogenic therapy
Tamoxifen and anastrozole

A

ER/PR

22
Q

Colorectal carcinoma

Most widely used for colorectal carcinoma

May be high in smokers, liver damage, lung, breast and GIT tumors

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

23
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Nonspecific marker

Used in testicular cancer classification with HCG

A

Alphafeto protein (AFP)

24
Q

Pituitary adenoma Ectopic ACTH-producing hormone

Diagnosis of ACTH-producing tumors Cushing’s syndrome Oat cell carcinoma

A

Adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

25
Q

Posterior pituitary tumors

Diagnosis of SIADH (Excessive water reabsorption)

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

26
Q

Pituitary tumors

Diagnosis and post-monitoring of acromegaly (Excessive growth)

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

27
Q

Pituitary adenoma

Diagnosis of prolactinoma (Galactorrhea, amenorrhea)

A

Prolactin (PRL)

28
Q

Insulin-secreting tumors

Diagnosis of insulinomas

A

Insulin C-peptide

29
Q

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)

Screening, response to therapy, recurrence of MTC

A

Calcitonin

30
Q

Adrenal tumors

Diagnosis of: Cushing’s syndrome Adrenal adenomas

A

Cortisol

31
Q

Neuroendocrine tumors

Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES)

(Excessive acid production in the stomach)

A

Gastrin

32
Q

Parathyroid adenoma

Diagnosis and post-surgical monitoring

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

33
Q

Carcinoid tumors

Diagnosis of Carcinoid tumors

A

Serotonin (5-HT) 5-HIAA (Serotonin Metabolite)

34
Q

-

Pheochromocytoma Neuroblastoma Paraganglioma

Diagnosis

A

Homovanillic acid (HVA)
Metanephrines Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

35
Q

Pheochromocytoma Carcinoid Tumors Small Cell Lung Cancers

Aid in diagnosis

A

Chromogranin A

36
Q

COMMONLY USED TUMOR MARKERS

A

AFP (ALPHAFETOPROTEIN)

CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG)

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

37
Q

Normally synthesized in the fetal liver that is re expressed in tumors (peaks at 12-15 weeks of gestation)

Hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors

Adult levels <20 ng/mL

A

AFP (ALPHAFETOPROTEIN)

38
Q

Most widely used TM for colorectal carcinoma

Normally found in the fetal GI tract

Increased levels (>10 ng/mL) are associated with colorectal carcinoma (but not specific)

A

CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

39
Q

Secreted by trophoblasts (placental cells) to maintain pregnancy

Elevated in Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs)

Germ cell tumors of the ovary and testis

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG)

40
Q

Secreted by the prostate

Regulate sperm viscosity and allows sperm to enter the ovum

In healthy men, normally LOW levels of PSA circulate in the blood

Can be increased in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

CC LEC (38 decks)

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