Tumor Markers

Question 1

Tumor markers prt 2

Question 2

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANCERS

• arise from epithelial cells
• arise from mesodermal connective tissue
• arise from bone marrow cells
• arise from lymphatic tissue

Answer 2

CARCINOMA

SARCOMA

LEUKEMIA

LYMPHOMA

Question 3

Are substances found in increased number in the blood and other body fluids that may suggest the presence of cancer

Answer 3

TUMOR MARKERS

Question 4

TUMOR MARKERS

Mostly are _____

Produced by:

The cancer cells themselves
The body in response to the cancer

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

THE IDEAL TUMOR MARKER:

Answer 5

Tumor specific
Absent in healthy individuals
Readily detectable in body fluids

Question 6

TUMOR MARKERS SHOULD BE:

Answer 6

Measurable
Highly sensitive
Highly specific
Cost-effective
Test results contribute to patient care and outcome (prognosis)

Question 7

The only tumor markers that can screen asymptomatic populations is_______ ANTIGEN

Most clinically used tumor markers are found in normal cells leading to falsepositive results

Answer 7

SCREENING

PROSTATESPECIFIC ANTIGEN

Question 8

SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

Susceptibility of an individual can be determined using ______(GENES) in BREAST, OVARIAN, and COLON cancers

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations - breast and ovarian cancers

APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene mutations - >99% will have colon cancer by age 40

Answer 8

Molecular testing

Question 9

Tumor marker concentrations generally increase with tumor progression

Therefore, serum tumor markers levels at diagnosis can reflect the aggressiveness of a tumor and help predict the outcome of the patient

Answer 9

PROGNOSIS