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CC LEC > Patient Prep > Flashcards

Patient Prep Flashcards

1
Q

PRE-ANALYTICAL VARIABLES/FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE VARIATION OF RESULTS:

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Fasting
  3. Diet
  4. Posture and Position
  5. Tourniquet application
  6. Tobacco Smoking
  7. Alcohol ingestion
  8. Stress (anxiety)
  9. Drugs
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2
Q

Exercise

Volume shifts between the vascular and interstitial compartments, volume loss by______ and changes in_____ concentrations

A

sweating

hormone

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3
Q

Exercise

Transient increased in

A

lactate
fatty acid
ammonia

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4
Q

Exercise

Long-term increases in

A

CPK - Creatine phosphokinase
AST - Aspartate transaminase
LD - Lactate dehydrogenase
aldolase

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5
Q

Exercise

Increased

A

prolactin
testosterone
luteinizing hormone (LH)

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6
Q

Exercise

Elevated levels of______ in urine

A

proteins

(proteinuria)

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7
Q

Exercise

Vigorous hand exercise (fist clenching) increases

A

potassium
lactate
phosphate

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8
Q

Exercise

Decreased plasma levels of ____ and ____ in long distance athletes.

A

FSH and LH

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9
Q

NPO (nothing by mouth)

A

Non peroral

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10
Q

Fasting

Glucose

A

8-10

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11
Q

Fasting

lipids and lipoproteins

A

10-12

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12
Q

48 hrs fasting – increase

A

serum bilirubin

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13
Q

72 hrs fasting – increase______ while_____ decreases in women to 45 mg/dL

A

triglycerides

glucose

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14
Q

Fasting

Basal state collection:

A

glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and electrolytes

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15
Q

Fasting

Requires fasting specimen: FaGoTLGI

A

FBS - Fasting blood sugar
GTT - glucose tolerance test
TAG - Triglyceride level test
Lipid Profile test
gastrin
insulin

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16
Q

High protein diet – increase

A

urea

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17
Q

__________– increase urea

A

High protein diet

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18
Q

Diet

(3) may show variation post absorptive hormonal effects

A

Glucose
lipids
catecholamines

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19
Q

Diet

High protein, low carbohydrate diets increased_____ in urine

A

ketones

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20
Q

Fat-rich food may increase

A

potassium
ALP - Alkaline phosphatase
TAG - Triglyceride
5-HIAA - 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid

21
Q

Serotonin-rich food (banana, pineapple, tomato, and avocado) increase the_______

A

urinary excretion of 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid)

22
Q

_____increases concentrations of glucose; it promotes the release of____ from the adrenal medulla and brain tissue.

A

Caffeine

catecholamines

23
Q

Increased in obese persons:

A

LD - Lactate Dehydrogensase
cortisol
glucose

24
Q

Preferred position during phlebotomy:

A

upright position or supine

25
Q

Changing from supine to sitting or standing position increased levels of

ACE

A

albumin
calcium
enzymes

26
Q

Changing from sitting to supine - increase levels of

A

proteins
lipids
BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
iron
calcium

27
Q

Changing from standing to supine position - decreased levels of

A

cholesterol
triglycerides
lipoproteins

28
Q

Prolonged standing for more than 30 minutes - increased______

A

potassium

29
Q

Prolonged bed rest - decreased

A

plasma albumin

30
Q

Tourniquet

______application is recommended

A

1 minute

31
Q

Tourniquet

Prolonged application =

A

hemoconcentration and
anaerobiosis

32
Q

Tourniquet

Increase levels:

PPELCA

A

potassium
proteins (albumin)
enzymes
lactate
cholesterol
ammonia

33
Q

Prolonged use of tourniquet with fist exercise -increase

A

potassium (1 mmol/L)

34
Q

For measurement of_____ - tourniquet use should be minimal, and the patient should not clench his or her fist otherwise will result to elevated levels of lactate

A

lactate

35
Q

ALCOHOL INGESTION

• Increased level of
• (chronic alcoholism)

A

urate, triglycerides, and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT).

Hypoglycemia

36
Q

STRESS (ANXIETY)
Affects _______secretion

A

adrenal hormone

37
Q

Stress

Increased:

A

catecholamines
cortisol
ACTH
prolactin
insulin
albumin
glucose
lactate

38
Q

Stress

_______has been reported to increase with mild stress, and_______ to decrease by as much as 15%.

A

Total cholesterol

HDL cholesterol

39
Q

Stress

  • affects acid-base balance
A

Hyperventilation

40
Q

Drugs

______ can elevate liver function enzymes

A

Hepatotoxic drugs

41
Q

Drugs

Diuretics can cause decreased ______ and ______

A

plasma sodium

potassium

42
Q

Drugs

cause increases in liver and pancreatic enzymes.

A

Opiates

43
Q

Drugs

can cause decreased plasma sodium and potassium.

A

Diuretics

44
Q

Affected by diurnal variation:

increased in AM:

A

ACTH, aldosterone, cortisol, and iron.

45
Q

Affected by diurnal conc

decreased in PM:

A

Acid phosphatase
Growth hormone
Parathyroid hormone
Thyroid Stimulating hormone

46
Q

Affected by_____ (increased levels): albumin, Alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and phosphorus

A

age

47
Q

Affected by _____ (increased levels):

: Albumin, ALP. creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, BUN

: HDL, iron and cholesterol

A

Gender

Male

Female

48
Q

Affected by _______

increased levels - glucose, TAG, gastrin, free calcium
decreased levels - electrolytes (CI-, K+, P+), ALP, AMS

A

recent food ingestion:

CC LEC (38 decks)

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