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CC LEC > BLOOD GASES PH > Flashcards

BLOOD GASES PH Flashcards

1
Q

• A substance that can donate hydrogen ions (H+ ) when dissolved in water.

A

Acid

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2
Q

Bronsted-Lowry Acid (Proton Donor )

A species that donates protons

A

Acid

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3
Q

A substance that can yield hydroxyl ions (OH-) when dissolved in water

A

Base

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4
Q

Bronsted-Lowry Base (Proton Acceptor)
• A species that accept protons

A

Base

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5
Q

• The relative strengths of acids and bases, their ability to dissociate in water.

A

Dissociation Constant (Ka).

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6
Q

The ratio of dissociated ion to the original acid

A

Dissociation Constant (Ka).

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7
Q

pH at which protonated and unprotonated species are present in equal concentrations.

A

pKa

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8
Q

defined as the negative log of the dissociation constant.

A

pKa

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9
Q

• Have pK values of less than 3.0

A

Strong Acids

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10
Q

• Raising the pH above the pK will cause it to dissociate and yield a H+

• Complete dissociates in a solution

A

Strong Acids

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11
Q

• Have pK values greater than 9.0

A

Strong Bases

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12
Q

• Lowering the pH below the pK will cause it to release OH

• Completely dissociates in a solution

A

Strong Bases

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13
Q

• Are species that partially/ incompletely dissociate in a solution

A

Weak Acids/ Bases

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14
Q

• consists of a weak acid and a salt of its conjugate base

A

Buffer

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15
Q

it resists the change in pH upon adding acid or base.

A

Buffer

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16
Q

• Pressure or tension exerted by CO2 gas dissolved in blood.
• An index of efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs
• Not a measure of CO2 concentration in the blood

A

Partial Pressure of CO2 (pCO2)

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17
Q

Partial Pressure of CO2 (pCO2)

Reference Range:

A

35-45 mm Hg

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18
Q

When we say______ that is the pressure exerted by the gas in the blood and does not mean the concentration of the gas in the blood

A

partial pressure

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19
Q

• Total CO2 Content (tCO2)
• Refers to the total concentration of CO2 in the blood

A

Total Carbon Dioxide Concentration

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20
Q

• Consisting of lonized (HCO3-, CO3-, Carbamino compound) and unionized fraction (H2CO3)
• 23 - 27 mmol/L

A

Total Carbon Dioxide Concentration

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21
Q

• The bicarbonate ion concentration in the blood has been equilibrated with CO2 at 40 mm Hg at 37 degree Celsius

A

Bicarbonate lon Concentration

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22
Q

Main samples used in blood gas is arterial blood
Reference Range:_____ mmol/L
It can be calculated through
_________

A

22-26mmol/ L

Henderson Hasselbalch equation

23
Q

• The pressure or tension exerted by oxygen gas dissolved in arterial blood which reflects the availability of the gas in blood but not its content

• 80 - 110 mm Hg

A

Partial Pressure of Oxygen (pO2)

24
Q

• A collection of chemical compounds and reactions in the body that help maintain the pH level of the blood and other bodily fluids within a narrow and optimal range.

The pH level is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, and maintaining the proper pH is essential for many biological processes to function properly.

A

BUFFER SYSTEMS

25
Q

The____ together with the____ provide the first line of defense to change the acid-base status.

A

lungs

buffer systems

26
Q

So for the extracellular fluid the main buffer system is the carbonic acid- bicarbonate buffer system

Remember when cells metabolize they release______ as a waste product

Now this carbon dioxide will combine with water to form______

A

carbon dioxide

carbonic acid

27
Q

Since carbonic acid is an unstable molecule so it immediately dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions which is accelerated by the enzyme
_________

A

Carbonic Anhydrase

28
Q

_______ ions accumulate in the blood, to avoid a pH change, so chloride ions will go inside the cell to maintain electroneutrality.

A

Bicarbonate

29
Q

• Why does chloride need to go inside the cell? Remember bicarbonate and chloride ions bear a net negative charge. So if both anions are accumulating in the blood there will be an electrolyte imbalance. To fix this chloride ions will enter the cell in an even known as_______

A

Chloride Shift

30
Q

pH

↑ H+ — ↓ Blood pH

A

Acidic

31
Q

pH

↓ H+ — ↑ Blood pH

A

Alkaline

32
Q

• <7.35 =

• >7.45 =

A

acidosis

alkalosis

33
Q

•_____ – process in the body

A

-osis

34
Q

– state in blood

A

-emia

35
Q

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid System

↓ HCO3-
↓ Blood pH

A

(Directly proportional)

Acidic

36
Q

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid System

↑ HCO3-
↑ Blood pH

A

Alkaline

37
Q

Buffer sustems occur in

A

Intracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid

38
Q

Buffer system

Intracellular fluid

A

Phosphate buffer system
Protein buffer systems

39
Q

Buffer system

Extracellular fluid

A

Protein buffer systems
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

40
Q

Protein buffer systems

A

Hemoglobin buffer system

Amino acid buffer system

Plasma protein buffers

41
Q

The main site for retaining bicarbonate is in the

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

42
Q

Respiratory component

A

CO2 - lungs

43
Q

Metabolic component

A

Kidneys - bicarbonate

44
Q

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid System

↓ HCO3-

↓ Blood pH

A

Acidic

45
Q

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid System

↑ HCO3-

↑ Blood pH

A

Alkaline

46
Q

Maintenance of H+

• Normal:

A

36 – 44 nmol/L (pH 7.34 – 7.44)

47
Q

Maintenance of H+

• Through metabolism, the body produces much greater quantities of_____

• The body controls and excretes H+ in order to maintain______ (lungs and kidneys)

A

H+

pH homeostasis

48
Q

Maintenance of H+

• Increase ____ will cause alterations in the rates of chemical reactions within the cell and affect the many metabolic processes of the body

• Can lead to alterations in consciousness, neuromuscular irritability, tetany, coma, and death

A

H+

49
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

• [A-] =

• [HA] =

• pK’ =

A

proton acceptor (HCO3 - )

proton donor or weak acid (H2 CO3 )

pH at which there is an equal concentration of protonated and unprotonated species

50
Q

= pK’ of HCO3-

A

6.1

51
Q

= the value for the combination of the solubility constant for pCO 2 and the factor to convert mm Hg to mmol/L

A

0.0307 mmol/L/mm Hg

52
Q

= equilibrium between H2 CO 3 and CO 2 in plasma

A

1:800

53
Q

= proportional to the pCO2

A

cH2CO 3

54
Q

are measured in blood gas analysis

A

pH and pCO 2

CC LEC (38 decks)

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