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CC LEC > AMINO ACIDS > Flashcards

AMINO ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Small biomolecules containing at least one amino group and one carboxyl group bonded to the alpha-carbon

A

AMINO ACIDS

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2
Q

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

A

• PHENYLALANINE
• VALINE
• THREONINE
• TRYPTOPHAN
• ISOLEUCINE
• METHIONINE
• HISTIDINE
• ARGININE
• LEUCINE
• LYSINE

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3
Q

NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

A

• ALANINE
• ASPARAGINE
• ASPARTIC ACID
• CYSTEINE
• GLUTAMIC ACID
• GLUTAMINE
• GLYCINE
• PROLINE
• SERINE
• TYROSINE

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4
Q

● Plays a role in cell division

● Healing of wounds, stimulation of protein synthesis

● Immune function

● Release of hormones

A

ARGININE

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5
Q

Required for the generation of urea and synthesis of creatine

A

Arginine

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6
Q

● Direct precursor of histamine

● Repair body tissues

A

HISTIDINE

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7
Q

● Maintain myelin sheaths that protect the nerve cells

● Helps manufacture RBC and WBC

A

Histidine

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8
Q

● Protect the body from heavy metal toxicity

A

Histidine

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9
Q

● Needed for hemoglobin formation

● Helps to regulate blood and glucose levels and maintain energy levels

A

ISOLEUCINE

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10
Q

● Boosts healing of muscle, skin, and bones

● Aids in recovery from surgery

A

LEUCINE

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11
Q

● Lowers blood glucose levels

● Optimal growth of infants and for nitrogen balance in adults

A

Leucine

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12
Q

● Plays a role in the production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and lowers triglyceride levels

● Needed for proper growth and bone development in children

A

LYSINE

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13
Q

● Maintain a proper nitrogen balance in adults

● Helps in the absorption of calcium and the formation of collagen

A

Lysine

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14
Q

● Helps initiate translation of messenger RNA

● Source of sulfur

A

Methionine

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15
Q

● Assist the breakdown of fats

● Helps to detoxify lead and other heavy metals

A

Methionine

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16
Q

● Helps diminish muscle weakness

● Prevents brittle hair

A

Methionine

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17
Q

● Promotes alertness and vitality, elevates mood, decreases pain, aids memory and learning

● Used to treat arthritis and depression

● Used by the brain to produce norepinephrine

A

PHENYLALANINE

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18
Q

● Uses active transport channel to cross the BBB

● Interferes with the production of serotonin

● Part of the composition of aspartame

A

Phenylalanine

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19
Q

● Important in the component in the formation of protein, collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel

● Helps maintain proper protein balance and aids in liver function, metabolism, and assimilation

A

Threonine

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20
Q

● Precursor for serotonin and melatonin

● Natural relaxant

● Alleviate insomnia by inducing sleep, soothes anxiety and reduces depression

A

Tryptophan

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21
Q

● Used in treatment of migraine headaches

● Aids in weight control by reducing appetite

● Helps control hyperactivity in children

A

Tryptophan

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22
Q

● Heaviest among all the amino acids

A

Tryptophan

23
Q

● Needed for muscle metabolism and coordination, tissue repair and maintenance of nitrogen balance

● Used by muscle tissue as an energy source

A

VALINE

24
Q

● Used in treatments for muscle, mental and emotional problems (insomnia, anxiety, liver and gallbladder disease)

A

Valine

25
Q

● Involved in the breakdown of glucose

● Product of the breakdown of DNA

● Transfer of nitrogen from the peripheral tissue to the liver

A

ALANINE

26
Q

● Helps in reducing the buildup of toxic substances that are released into muscle

● Strengthens the immune system through production of antibodies

A

Alanine

27
Q

● First amino acid to be isolated = From asparagus juice

● Converting one amino acid into another via amination and transamination

A

ASPARAGINE

28
Q

● Both processes occur before the urea cycle

● Required by the nervous system and synthesis of ammonia

A

ASPARAGINE

29
Q

● A metabolite in the urea cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis

A

ASPARTIC ACID

30
Q

Aspartic acid aka

A

Aspartate

31
Q

CYSTEINE

● Named after_____ (precursor)

A

cystine

32
Q

Also known as half-cysteine residue

A

Cysteine

33
Q

● Production of flavors

● Contains sulfur

A

Cysteine

34
Q

● Serves as a neurotransmitter and dysregulation has been linked to epileptic seizures

● Aids in transporting potassium to the spinal fluid

A

Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)

35
Q

● Responsible for the taste umami

● Food additive/food enhancer (sodium salt, monosodium glutamate (bitsin)

A

Glutamic acid (glutamate)

36
Q

● Most abundant amino acid in the body

● Assists in maintaining the proper acid/alkaline balance in the body (regulates pH)

A

Glutamine

37
Q

● Provides fuel for a healthy digestive tract

● Supplement used for muscle growth in weightlifting and bodybuilding

● Transports ammonia to the liver

A

Glutamine

38
Q

Simplest amino acid

A

Glycine

39
Q

● Only amino acid not optically active because it has no stereoisomers

A

Glycine

40
Q

● Has a sweet taste and is used as a sweetener

● Inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

A

Glycine

41
Q

● Helps in the synthesis of bile acids

● Retards muscle degeneration, improves glycogen storage and promotes healing

A

Glycine

42
Q

PROLINE

● Precursor of____

A

hydroxyproline

43
Q

● Technically not an amino acid, but an imino acid

● Role in wound healing and molecular recognition

A

Proline

44
Q

● Works with vit. c to promote healthy connective tissues

● Most abundant amino acid in the body

● Assists in maintaining the proper acid/alkaline balance in the body (regulates pH)

● Provides fuel for a healthy digestive tract

● Technically not a protein since it is an imino acid due to its cyclic structure

A

Proline

45
Q

● Involved with fats

● Needed for proper metabolism of fats and fatty acids

A

Serine

46
Q

● Highly concentrated in all cell membranes (phospholipid bilayer)

● Component of the protective myelin sheaths surrounding nerve fibers

A

Serine

47
Q

Tyrosine

Precursor of

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, t3 and t4

48
Q

● Stimulates metabolism

● Mood elevator, suppresses appetite and helps reduce body fat

A

Tyrosine

49
Q

● Treatment of chronic fatigue, narcolepsy, anxiety, depression, low sex drive, allergies and headachest

A

Tyrosine

50
Q

TWO NEW AMINO ACIDS

A

● Selenocysteine

● Pyrrolysine

51
Q

SELENOCYSTEINE

● Established in___

● Encoded by___ codon

A

2002

UGA

52
Q

Selenium analogue of cysteine

A

SELENOCYSTEINE

53
Q

● Encoded by UAG codon

● Used by archaea and unicellular organisms

A

PYRROLYSINE

CC LEC (38 decks)

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