Tumor genes and markers

Question 1

BCR-ABL

Answer 1

tyrosine kinase: AML, ALL

Question 2

bcl-2

Answer 2

Anti-apoptotic: Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas

Question 3

BRAF

Answer 3

Serine/threonin kinase: Melanoma

Question 4

c-kit

Answer 4

Cytokine receptor: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

Question 5

HER2/neu

Answer 5

Tyrosine kinase: Breast, ovarian, gastric tumors

Question 6

L-myc

Answer 6

Transcription factor: Lung tumor

Question 7

N-myc:

Answer 7

Transcription factor: Neuroblastoma

Question 8

ras

Answer 8

GTPase: Colon, lung, pancreatic cancer

Question 9

ret

Answer 9

Tyrosine kinase: MEN 2A and 2B

Question 10

APC

Answer 10

Tumor suppressor: Colorectal cancer (FAP)

Question 11

BRCA1

Answer 11

DNA repair: Breast and ovarian cancer

Question 12

BRCA2

Answer 12

DNA repair: Breast and ovarian cancer

Question 13

CPD4/SMAD4

Answer 13

DPC (deleted in pancreatic cancer): Pancreatic cancer

Question 14

DCC

Answer 14

DCC (deleted in colon cancer): Colon cancer

Question 15

MEN1

Answer 15

tumor suppressor: MEN type 1

Question 16

NF1

Answer 16

RAS GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin): Neurofibromatosis type 1

Question 17

NF2

Answer 17

Merlin (Schwannomin) protein: Neurofibromatosis type 2

Question 18

p16

Answer 18

Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A: Melanoma

Question 19

p53

Answer 19

Transcription factor for p21 (blocks G1–> S phase): Most human cancers, Li Fraumeni

Question 20

PTEN

Answer 20

Tumor suppressor: breast, prostate, endometrial cancer

Question 21

Rb

Answer 21

Inhibits E2F (blocks G1–>S phase): Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

Question 22

TSC1

Answer 22

Hamartin protein: Tuberous sclerosis

Question 23

TSC2

Answer 23

Tuberin protein: Tuberous sclerosis

Question 24

VHL

Answer 24

Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF): von Hippel-Lindau disease

Question 25

WT1

Answer 25

Tumor suppressor: Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma)

Question 26

WT2

Answer 26

Tumor suppressor: Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

Question 27

Alk phos

Answer 27

Marker: Bone metastases, Paget disease, seminoma (placental ALP)

Question 28

a-fetoprotein

Answer 28

Marker: Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor (co-secreted w/ hCG)

Question 29

B-hCG

Answer 29

Marker: Hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinomas, testicular cancer

Question 30

CA-15-3/CA-27-29

Answer 30

Marker: Breast cancer

Question 31

CA-19-9

Answer 31

Marker: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 32

CA-125

Answer 32

Marker: Ovarian cancer

Question 33

Calcitonin

Answer 33

Marker: Medullary thyroid cancer

Question 34

CEA

Answer 34

CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen: marker for many pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Also some gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid cancers (non-specific)

Question 35

PSA

Answer 35

Marker: Prostate adenoma, BPH, prostatitis

Question 36

S-100

Answer 36

Marker: Neural crest origin (melanoma, neural tumors, schwannoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

Question 37

TRAP

Answer 37

Marker: Hairy cell leukemia (B cell neoplasm)

Question 38

Aflatoxin: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 38

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 39

Alkylating agents: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 39

Leukemia/lymphoma

Question 40

Aromatic amines: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 40

Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

Question 41

Arsenic: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 41

Angiosarcoma of liver, Lung cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 42

Asbestos: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 42

Bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma

Question 43

Carbon tetrachloride: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 43

Centrilobular necrosis and fatty change in liver

Question 44

Cigarette smoke: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 44

All of it: bladder, esophagus, kidney, larynx, lung, pancreas...

Question 45

Ethanol: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 45

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 46

Ionizing radiation: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 46

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Question 47

Nitrosamines (smoked foods): toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 47

Gastric cancer

Question 48

Radon: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 48

Lung cancer (2nd leading cause after cigarette smoke)

Question 49

Vinyl chloride: toxin causes what cancer?

Answer 49

Angiosarcoma