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Step 1 > Tumor genes and markers > Flashcards

Tumor genes and markers Flashcards

1
Q

BCR-ABL

A

tyrosine kinase: AML, ALL

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2
Q

bcl-2

A

Anti-apoptotic: Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas

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3
Q

BRAF

A

Serine/threonin kinase: Melanoma

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4
Q

c-kit

A

Cytokine receptor: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

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5
Q

HER2/neu

A

Tyrosine kinase: Breast, ovarian, gastric tumors

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6
Q

L-myc

A

Transcription factor: Lung tumor

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7
Q

N-myc:

A

Transcription factor: Neuroblastoma

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8
Q

ras

A

GTPase: Colon, lung, pancreatic cancer

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9
Q

ret

A

Tyrosine kinase: MEN 2A and 2B

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10
Q

APC

A

Tumor suppressor: Colorectal cancer (FAP)

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11
Q

BRCA1

A

DNA repair: Breast and ovarian cancer

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12
Q

BRCA2

A

DNA repair: Breast and ovarian cancer

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13
Q

CPD4/SMAD4

A

DPC (deleted in pancreatic cancer): Pancreatic cancer

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14
Q

DCC

A

DCC (deleted in colon cancer): Colon cancer

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15
Q

MEN1

A

tumor suppressor: MEN type 1

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16
Q

NF1

A

RAS GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin): Neurofibromatosis type 1

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17
Q

NF2

A

Merlin (Schwannomin) protein: Neurofibromatosis type 2

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18
Q

p16

A

Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A: Melanoma

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19
Q

p53

A

Transcription factor for p21 (blocks G1–> S phase): Most human cancers, Li Fraumeni

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20
Q

PTEN

A

Tumor suppressor: breast, prostate, endometrial cancer

21
Q

Rb

A

Inhibits E2F (blocks G1–>S phase): Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

22
Q

TSC1

A

Hamartin protein: Tuberous sclerosis

23
Q

TSC2

A

Tuberin protein: Tuberous sclerosis

24
Q

VHL

A

Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF): von Hippel-Lindau disease

25
Q

WT1

A

Tumor suppressor: Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma)

26
Q

WT2

A

Tumor suppressor: Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

27
Q

Alk phos

A

Marker: Bone metastases, Paget disease, seminoma (placental ALP)

28
Q

a-fetoprotein

A

Marker: Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor (co-secreted w/ hCG)

29
Q

B-hCG

A

Marker: Hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinomas, testicular cancer

30
Q

CA-15-3/CA-27-29

A

Marker: Breast cancer

31
Q

CA-19-9

A

Marker: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

32
Q

CA-125

A

Marker: Ovarian cancer

33
Q

Calcitonin

A

Marker: Medullary thyroid cancer

34
Q

CEA

A

CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen: marker for many pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Also some gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid cancers (non-specific)

35
Q

PSA

A

Marker: Prostate adenoma, BPH, prostatitis

36
Q

S-100

A

Marker: Neural crest origin (melanoma, neural tumors, schwannoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

37
Q

TRAP

A

Marker: Hairy cell leukemia (B cell neoplasm)

38
Q

Aflatoxin: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

39
Q

Alkylating agents: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Leukemia/lymphoma

40
Q

Aromatic amines: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

41
Q

Arsenic: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Angiosarcoma of liver, Lung cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma

42
Q

Asbestos: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma

43
Q

Carbon tetrachloride: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Centrilobular necrosis and fatty change in liver

44
Q

Cigarette smoke: toxin causes what cancer?

A

All of it: bladder, esophagus, kidney, larynx, lung, pancreas…

45
Q

Ethanol: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

46
Q

Ionizing radiation: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

47
Q

Nitrosamines (smoked foods): toxin causes what cancer?

A

Gastric cancer

48
Q

Radon: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Lung cancer (2nd leading cause after cigarette smoke)

49
Q

Vinyl chloride: toxin causes what cancer?

A

Angiosarcoma

Step 1 (17 decks)

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