Neuro

Question 1

Sensory corpuscles: describe free nerve endings.

Answer 1

Has C fibers (slow) and A-delta fibers (fast, myelinated). In all skin, epidermis, and some viscera. Senses pain and temp.

Question 2

Sensory corpuscles: describe Meissner corpuscles.

Answer 2

Large, myelinated fibers that adapt quickly. Found in glabrous (hairless) skin. Sense dynamic, fine/light touch and position sense.

Question 3

Sensory corpuscles: describe Pacinian corpuscles.

Answer 3

Large, myelinated fibers that adapt quickly. Found in deep skin layers, ligaments, and joints. Senses vibration and pressure.

Question 4

Sensory corpuscles: describe Merkel discs.

Answer 4

Large, myelinated fibers that adapt slowly. Found in basal epidermal layer and hair follicles. Sense pressure, deep static touch (shapes, edges), ad position sense.

Question 5

What is the function of the lateral hypothalamus?

Answer 5

Hunger. Inhibited by Leptin. Lesion leads to anorexia.

Question 6

What is the function of the ventromedial hypothalamus?

Answer 6

Satiety. Stimulated by lectin. Lesion leads to hyperphagia.

Question 7

What is the function of the anterior hypothalamus?

Answer 7

Cooling, parasympathetic. (Think “A/C”)

Question 8

What is the function of the posterior hypothalamus?

Answer 8

Heating, sympathetic

Question 9

What is the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

Answer 9

Circadian rhythm.

Question 10

Lesion for hemiballismus?

Answer 10

Contralateral subthalamic nucleus (lacunar stroke common)

Question 11

Lesion for chorea?

Answer 11

basal ganglia

Question 12

Lesion for athetosis?

Answer 12

Basal ganglia (slow, writhing movements, esp fingers)

Question 13

When is it common to see myoclonus?

Answer 13

Metabolic abnormalities - such as renal or liver failure

Question 14

Lesion for intention tremor?

Answer 14

Cerebellar dysfunction

Question 15

C2 dermatome

Answer 15

Back of skull (“cap”)

Question 16

C3 dermatome

Answer 16

High turtleneck shirt

Question 17

C4 dermatome

Answer 17

Low-collar shirt

Question 18

T4 dermatome

Answer 18

Nipple

Question 19

T7 dermatome

Answer 19

Xiphoid process

Question 20

T10 dermatome

Answer 20

Umbilicus

Question 21

L1 dermatome

Answer 21

Inguinal ligament

Question 22

L4 dermatome

Answer 22

Kneecaps

Question 23

S2, S3, S4 dermatome

Answer 23

Erection and sensation of penile and anal zones

Question 24

Reflex: Biceps

Answer 24

C5,6 (C5 nerve root)

Question 25

Reflex: Triceps

Answer 25

C7,8 (C7 nerve root)

Question 26

Reflex: Patella

Answer 26

L3,4 (L4 nerve root)

Question 27

Reflex: Achilles

Answer 27

S1,2 (S1 nerve root)

Question 28

Reflex: Cremaster

Answer 28

L1,2 "testicles move"

Question 29

Relfex: Anal wink

Answer 29

S3,4 "winks galore"

Question 30

What is the Moro reflex?

Answer 30

Abduct/extend limbs when startles, then draw together

Question 31

What is the Rooting reflex?

Answer 31

Nipple seeking --> move head toward one side if cheek or mouth is stroked

Question 32

What is the sucking reflex?

Answer 32

Sucking when roof of mouth is touched

Question 33

What is the palmar reflex?

Answer 33

Curling of fingers is palm is stroked

Question 34

What is the Galant reflex?

Answer 34

Stroking of one side of spine while infant is in ventral suspension causes lateral flexion of lower body toward stimulated side.

Question 35

What are the corneal reflex nerves?

Answer 35

Afferent: V1 (opthalmic). Efferent: VII

Question 36

What are the lacrimation reflex nerves?

Answer 36

Afferent: V1 (opthalmic). Efferent: VII

Question 37

What are the jaw jerk reflex nerves?

Answer 37

Afferent: V3 (muscle spindle from masseter). Efferent: V3 (motor portion)

Question 38

What are the pupillary reflex nerves?

Answer 38

Afferent: II Efferent: III

Question 39

What are the gag reflex nerves?

Answer 39

Afferent: IX Efferent: X

Question 40

What nerves have input to the solitary nucleus?

Answer 40

Sensory: VII, IX, X

Question 41

What nerves are innervated by the nucleus ambiguus?

Answer 41

Motor: IX, X, XI

Question 42

What nerves get input from the dorsal motor nucleus?

Answer 42

Autonomic output of Vagus

Question 43

What goes through cribriform plate?

Answer 43

CN I

Question 44

What goes through Optic canal?

Answer 44

CN II, opthalmic artery, central retinal vein

Question 45

What goes through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

Answer 45

CN III, IV, V1, VI, opthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers

Question 46

What goes through the Foramen rotundum?

Answer 46

CN V2

Question 47

What goes through the Foramen Ovale?

Answer 47

CN V3

Question 48

What goes through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 48

Middle meningeal artery

Question 49

What goes through the Internal Auditory Meatus?

Answer 49

CN VII, VIII

Question 50

What goes through the Jugular Foramen?

Answer 50

CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein

Question 51

What goes through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 51

CN XII

Question 52

What goes through the Foramen Magnum?

Answer 52

Spinal roots of CN XI, brainstem, vertebral arteries

Question 53

Which Alzheimer's genes are on which chromosomes?

Answer 53

Early Onset: APP (21), Presenilin 1 (14), Presenilin 2 (1) | Late Onset: ApoE4 (19)

Question 54

Chromosome # associated with NF 1:

Answer 54

Chromosome 17

Question 55

Chromosome # associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease:

Answer 55

Chromosome 3

Question 56

Neurotransmitter changes in Alzheimer's:

Answer 56

low ACh

Question 57

Neurotransmitter changes in Anxiety:

Answer 57

High NE | Low GABA, Low 5-HT

Question 58

Neurotransmitter changes in Depression:

Answer 58

Low NE, 5-HT, and DA

Question 59

Neurotransmitter changes in Huntington disease:

Answer 59

Low GABA, Low ACh | High DA

Question 60

Neurotransmitter changes in Parkinson disease:

Answer 60

Low DA | High 5-HT, High ACh

Question 61

Neurotransmitter changes in Schizophrenia:

Answer 61

High DA