Renal Flashcards
% of body weight that is TBW, ICF, and ECF
60% TBW, 40% ICF, 20% ECF
Renal clearance equation:
CL = (UV) / P (U=urine conc, P=plasma conc, V=urine flow rate)
GFR equation:
GFR = clearance of inulin (UV/P) GFR = Kf [starling pressure]
How do you calculate Effective Renal Plasma Flow?
Using clearance of PAH (UV/P)
How is renal blood flow related to hematocrit?
RBF = RPF/(1-Hct)
How do you calculate Filtration Fraction?
FF = GFR / RPF; normal FF=20%
How do you calculate Filtered Load?
Filtered load (mg/min) = GFR (mL/min) x plasma concentration (mg/mL) FL = GFR x P
How do you calculate Excretion rate?
Excretion rate = V x U
What is Hartnup Disease?
Autosomal recessive deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters in proximal renal tubule and enterocytes. Pellagra-like symptoms.
What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation?
pH = 6.1 + log [HCO3-] / (0.03 x PCO2) pCO2 = 1.5 [HCO3-] + 8 (+/- 2)
What is the equation for anion gap?
Anion gap = Na - (Cl + HCO3)
RBC casts found in:
Glomerulonephritis, ischemia, or malignant hypertension
WBC casts found in:
Tubulointerstitial inflammation, acute pyelonephritis, transplant rejection
Fatty casts found in:
= “oval fat bodies”. Nephrotic syndrome
Granular casts found in:
=”muddy brown”. Acute tubular necrosis
Waxy casts found in:
Advanced renal disease/ chronic renal failure
Hyaline casts found in:
Nonspecific - can be a normal finding, often seen in concentrated urine samples
Envelope-shaped urine crystals
Calcium stones
Dumbbell-shaped urine crystals
Calcium stones
Coffin lid urine crystals
Ammonium magnesium phosphate stones (struvite)
Rhomboid urine crystals
Uric acid stones
Rosette urine crystals
Uric acid stones
Hexagonal urine stones
Cystine stones
