Biochem

Question 1

Rate-limiting enzyme: Glycolysis

Answer 1

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Question 2

Regulators: Glycolysis

Answer 2

+: AMP, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

-: ATP, citrate

Question 3

Rate-limiting enzyme: Gluconeogenesis

Answer 3

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

Question 4

Regulators: Gluconeogenesis

Answer 4

+: ATP, acetyl-CoA

-: AMP, fructose-2,6- bisphosphate

Question 5

Rate-limiting enzyme: TCA cycle

Answer 5

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

Question 6

Regulators: TCA cycle

Answer 6

+: ADP

-: ATP, NADH

Question 7

Rate-limiting enzyme: Glycogenesis

Answer 7

Glycogen synthase

Question 8

Regulators: Glycogenesis

Answer 8

+: Glucose-6-phosphate, insulin, cortisol

-: Epinephrine, glucagon

Question 9

Rate-limiting enzyme: Glycogenolysis

Answer 9

Glycogen phosphorylase

Question 10

Regulators: Glycogenolysis

Answer 10

+: Epinephrine, glucagon, AMP

-: Glucose-6-phosphate, insulin, ATP

Question 11

Rate-limiting enzyme: HMP shunt

Answer 11

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 12

Regulators: HMP shunt

Answer 12

+: NADP+

-: NADPH

Question 13

Rate-limiting enzyme: De novo pyrimidine synthesis

Answer 13

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

Question 14

Rate-limiting enzyme: De novo purine synthesis

Answer 14

Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase

Question 15

Regulators: De novo purine synthesis

Answer 15

-: AMP, IMP (inosine monophosphate), GMP

Question 16

Rate-limiting enzyme: Urea cycle

Answer 16

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Question 17

Regulators: Urea cycle

Answer 17

+: N-acetylglutamate

Question 18

Rate-limiting enzyme: Fatty acid synthesis

Answer 18

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)

Question 19

Regulators: Fatty acid synthesis

Answer 19

+: insulin, citrate

Question 20

Rate-limiting enzyme: Fatty acid oxidation

Answer 20

Carnitine acyltransferase I

Question 21

Regulators: Fatty acid oxidation

Answer 21

-: Malonyl-CoA

Question 22

Rate-limiting enzyme: Ketogenesis

Answer 22

HMG-CoA synthase

Question 23

Rate-limiting enzyme: Cholesterol synthesis

Answer 23

HMG-CoA reductase

Question 24

Regualtors: Cholesterol synthesis

Answer 24

+: Insulin, thyroxine

-: Glucagon, cholesterol

Question 25

Vitamin B1

Answer 25

Thiamine

Question 26

Vit B2

Answer 26

Riboflavin (FAD, FMN)

Question 27

Vit B3

Answer 27

Niacin

Question 28

Vit B5

Answer 28

Pantothenic acid: CoA

Question 29

Vit B6

Answer 29

Pyridoxine: PLP

Question 30

Vit B7

Answer 30

Biotin

Question 31

Vit B9

Answer 31

Foalte

Question 32

Vit B12

Answer 32

Cobalamin