Cardio

Question 1

What does the truncus arteriosus give rise to?

Answer 1

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 2

What does the bulbus cordis give rise to?

Answer 2

Smooth parts of left and right ventricles (outflow tracts)

Question 3

What do the primitive atria give rise to?

Answer 3

Trabeculated part of left and right atria

Question 4

What do the primitive ventricles give rise to?

Answer 4

Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

Question 5

What does the primitive pulmonary vein give rise to?

Answer 5

Smooth part of the left atrium

Question 6

What does the left horn of the sinus venosus give rise to?

Answer 6

Coronary sinus

Question 7

What does the right horn of the sinus venosus give rise to?

Answer 7

Smooth part of the right atrium

Question 8

What do the right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein give rise to?

Answer 8

SVC

Question 9

What are the four components of Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 9

1) Pulmonary infundibular stenosis (most important for prognosis). 2) Right ventricular hypertrophy (“boot-shaped” on X-ray. 3) Overriding aorta. 4) VSD

Question 10

What cardiac defects are associated with 22q11 syndromes?

Answer 10

Truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot

Question 11

What cardiac defects are associated with Down syndrome?

Answer 11

ASD, VSD, AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

Question 12

What cardiac defects are associated with congenital Rubella?

Answer 12

Septal defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 13

What cardiac defects are associated with Turner syndrome?

Answer 13

Bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta (preductal)

Question 14

What cardiac defects are associated with Marfan syndrome?

Answer 14

Mitral valve prolapse, thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection, aortic regurgitation

Question 15

What cardiac defects are associated with an infant of a diabetic mother?

Answer 15

Transposition of the great vessels

Question 16

ECG leads for anterior wall MI (LAD)?

Answer 16

V1-V4

Question 17

ECG leads for anteroseptal MI (LAD)?

Answer 17

V1-V2

Question 18

ECG leads for anterolateral MI (LAd or LCX)?

Answer 18

V4-V6

Question 19

ECG leads for lateral wall MI (LCX)?

Answer 19

I, aVL

Question 20

ECG leads for Inferior wall MI (RCA)?

Answer 20

II, III, aVF

Question 21

What is the difference between strawberry hemangiomas and cherry hemangiomas?

Answer 21

Both are benign. Strawberry occurs in infants, grows rapidly, then regresses. Cherry occur in the elderly and do not regress.

Question 22

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

Answer 22

A polypoid capillary hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed. Associated with trauma and pregnancy.

Question 23

What is a cystic hygroma?

Answer 23

A cavernous lymphangioma of the neck. Associated with Turner syndrome.

Question 24

What is a glomus tumor?

Answer 24

Benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernails. Arises from smooth muscle cells of glomus body.

Question 25

What is a bacillary angiomatosis?

Answer 25

Benign capillary skin papules found in AIDS patients. Caused by Bartonella henselae infections. Often mistaken for Kaposi sarcoma.

Question 26

What is an angiosarcoma?

Answer 26

Rare blood vessel malignancy in head, neck, or breast. Usually in elderly on sun-exposed areas. Associated with radiation therapy and arsenic. Aggressive, difficult to resect.

Question 27

What is lymphangiosarcoma?

Answer 27

Lymphatic malignancy associated with persistent lymphedema (e.g. post-radical mastectomy)

Question 28

Where is Kaposi sarcoma msot commonly found?

Answer 28

skin…but also mouth, GI tract, and respiratory tract. Often mistaken for bacillary angiomatosis.