Tuberculosis Flashcards
What is tuberculosis?
Multi-system infectious disease, commonly involving the respiratory tract
Airbone spread of mycobacterium
Of those exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis; how many develop latent vs. immediate active TB?
90% latent
10% immediate, active
What type of bacteria is mycoplasma tuberculosis?
Acid-fast bacilli
How is tuberculosis diagnosed?
PCR
Histology
Microscopy of sputum
Ziehl-Neelson stain - red = positive for apical bacteria
Apical disease is most likely secondary to TB
Apical lesion called?
Assmann focus (BUZZ)
What are respiratory clinical features of TB?
Gradual onset Cough Sputum Malaise Weight loss Night sweats Haemoptysis Breathlessness Upper zone crackles
What are meningeal features of TB?
Headache
Drowsy
Fits
What are GI symptoms of TB?
Pain
Bowel obstruction
Perforation
Peritonitis
What are spinal symptoms of TB?
Pain
Deformity
Paraplegia
What are non-resp/GI/spinal/meningeal features of TB?
Pericardial tamponade Renal failure Lymphadenopathy Cold abscess Septic arthritis Hypo-adrenalism
How can previous exposure to TB be tested for?
Interferon Gamma Release Assay
Mantoux (tuberculin test)
How is TB managed?
4 months of - Rifamipicin - Isoniazid - Ethambutol - Pyrazinamide 2 months of - Rifampicin - Isoniazid
What are side effects of Rifampicin?
Turns all bodily fluids orange
Makes steroids, hormonal contraception, opiates analgesics and many other drugs ineffective
Haematological dissemination via the pulmonary vein (BUZZ) leads to?
Systemic spread to the spleen, liver and kidneys
Haematological dissemination via pulmonary artery leads to`
Miliary dissemination in the lungs
