Respiratory Tract Infections (the less special ones ya know what I mean)

Question 1

What is croup?

Answer 1

Viral laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 2

What are the symptoms of croup?

Answer 2

Stridor
Hoarse voice
Barking cough

Question 3

How do you manage croup?

Answer 3

(single dose of an) Oral steroid to decrease inflammation

Question 4

What is epiglottitis?

Answer 4

Inflammation of the epiglottis

Severe croup in children aged 2-7 years - may progress to respiratory obstruction

Question 5

Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by?

Answer 5

H. influenza type B

Question 6

What are clinical features of acute epiglottitis?

Answer 6

Hot runny nose

Question 7

What are investigations/tests for epiglottitis?

Answer 7

Blood culture

CXR

Question 8

What would be seen on CXR for epiglottitis?

Answer 8

Thumbprint sign

Question 9

How do you manage acute epiglottis?

Answer 9

ITU

Ceftriaxone

Question 10

What is pertussis?

Answer 10

Whooping Cough

Acute tracheobronchitis

Question 11

What causes Whooping cough?

Answer 11

Bordetella pertussis

Question 12

What are the clinical features of pertussis?

Answer 12

Paroxysmal coughing for 2 weeks
Repeated violent exhalation with severe inspiratory “whoop”
Vomiting common
Residual cough for > month

Question 13

What are investigations/tests for Pertussis?

Answer 13

Perinasal swab

Serology

Question 14

What is the 1st line treatment for pertussis?

Answer 14

Erythromycin

Question 15

What causes the ‘flu?

Answer 15

Influenza A = pandemics

or Influenza B

Question 16

Which bacterium is a common secondary invader in ‘flu?

Answer 16

Haemophilus influenza

Question 17

What are clinical features of ‘flu?

Answer 17

Fever (high, abrupt onset) 
Malaise
Myalgia
Headache 
Cough 
Prostation

Question 18

Which investigations can be done for ‘flu?

Answer 18

PCR

Antibody detection

Question 19

What are possible complications of ‘flu?

Answer 19

Pneumonia

Question 20

What is the management for ‘flu?

Answer 20

Symptomatic

Question 21

Antivirals in ‘flu are only prescribed to?

Answer 21

High-risk of co-morbidities

Question 22

Give examples of antivirals used in ‘flu?

Answer 22

Osetlamivir

Tanamivir

Question 23

What is a possible prevention method of ‘flu?

Answer 23

Vaccine (to those at risk of complications and health care workers
Live attenuated vaccine - all children 2-17 yrs old

Question 24

What is bronchiolitis?

Answer 24

Bronchi inflammation and occlusion

Question 25

What causes over 90% of bronchiolitis?

Answer 25

RSV

Question 26

What are clinical features of Bronchiolitis?

Answer 26

1-2 years old

Fever, coryza, wheeze

Question 27

In severe cases, bronchiolitis can present with?

Answer 27

Grunting
Hypoxia
Intercostal/sternal undraping

Question 28

Which investigations can be performed for bronchiolitis?

Answer 28

PCR on throat

Perinasal swabs

Question 29

What are possible complications of bronchiolitis?

Answer 29

Respiratory and cardiac failure (more common in prematurity)

Question 30

How is bronchiolitis treated?

Answer 30

Supportive

Question 31

What is coryza?

Answer 31

The common cold

Acute viral infection of the nasal passages

Question 32

What are the main causes of coryza? How do they spread?

Answer 32

Mainly rhinoviruses
Also adenoviruses and RSV

Droplets and fomites

Question 33

What are clinical features of coryza?

Answer 33

Purulent nasal discharge

Question 34

What are possible complications of coryza?

Answer 34

Sinusitis

Acute bronchitis

Question 35

How is coryza managed?

Answer 35

Self-limiting

Rest and paracetamol