Trouble

Question 1

Political power in the dutch republic was

Answer 1

Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen

Question 2

How did the nature of the armed forces change in the latter half of the 17th century

Answer 2

Armed officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests

Question 3

The english political philosopher thomas Hobbes held that

Answer 3

The power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war

Question 4

Mercantilist theory postulated that

Answer 4

Economic activity should be regulated by and for the state

Question 5

Within the ottoman government, who staffed the top of DIF: leves of the bureaucracy

Answer 5

The sultan’s slave corps

Question 6

French foreign policy under cardinal richelieu focused primarily on the

Answer 6

Prevention of the habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding france

Question 7

In two treatises of government, John locke notes that

Answer 7

The government must obtain the consent of the majority for taxes

Question 8

The discipline of natural philosophy focuses on

Answer 8

Fundamental questions about the nature, purpose, and function of the universe

Question 9

How did isaac newton’s law of universal gravitation bring the scientific revolution to maturity

Answer 9

It synthesized math with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system

Question 10

The most influential aspect of rene descartes’s theories of nature was that

Answer 10

The universe functioned in a mechanistic fashion

Question 11

What characterizes the condition of peasants in western europe in the 18th century

Answer 11

They were generally free from serfdom and owned land that they could pass on to their children

Question 12

What characterizes the transformation of the english and Scottish countryside n the enclosure area

Answer 12

The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners

Question 13

The industrious revolution was a result of

Answer 13

Poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to bu consumer goods

Question 14

According to recent scholarship, during the 18th century, the guild system

Answer 14

Remained flexible as masters adopted new technologies and circumvented impractical rules

Question 15

At the center of adam smith’s arguments in the wealth of nations was the belief that

Answer 15

The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of citizens

Question 16

In Eastern europe, between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the

Answer 16

Consolidation of serfdom

Question 17

Between 1650 and 1790, a crucial component of the global economy was established when european nations developed

Answer 17

The atlantic economy

Question 18

In the 18th century, the biggest increase in british foreign trade was with

Answer 18

The british colonial empire

Question 19

What characterizes 18th century colonial trae in europe

Answer 19

Britain’s mercantilist system achieve remarkable success as trade with its colonies few substantially

Question 20

Christianity in colonial societies in the americas

Answer 20

Took on distinctive characteristics through a complex process of cultural exchange that made christianity more comprehensive to indigenous peoples

Question 21

The proletarianization of peasants in the 18th century forced them to

Answer 21

Become landless rural wage earners

Question 22

Some scholars have argued that the neglectful attitudes toward children in preindustrial europe were conditioned mostly by

Answer 22

High infant mortality rates

Question 23

What was the underlying reason for the illegitimacy explosion of 1750-1850

Answer 23

Social and economic transformations made it harder for families and communities to supervise behavior

Question 24

What was the result of the consumer revolution of the 18th century

Answer 24

A new type of society in which people derived their self-identity as much from their consuming practice as from their work lives

Question 25

What caused the pattern of late marriage in early modern europe

Answer 25

It was a necessary precondition of economic independence

Question 26

In the 18th century, what problems did the church of england face

Answer 26

Officials of both church and state used it to provide high-paying jobs to favorites and ignored the spiritual needs of the people

Question 27

One of the country’s most influential works on child-reading was emile; or, on education by

Answer 27

Jean-jacques rousseau