Trouble Flashcards
Political power in the dutch republic was
Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen
How did the nature of the armed forces change in the latter half of the 17th century
Armed officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests
The english political philosopher thomas Hobbes held that
The power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war
Mercantilist theory postulated that
Economic activity should be regulated by and for the state
Within the ottoman government, who staffed the top of DIF: leves of the bureaucracy
The sultan’s slave corps
French foreign policy under cardinal richelieu focused primarily on the
Prevention of the habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding france
In two treatises of government, John locke notes that
The government must obtain the consent of the majority for taxes
The discipline of natural philosophy focuses on
Fundamental questions about the nature, purpose, and function of the universe
How did isaac newton’s law of universal gravitation bring the scientific revolution to maturity
It synthesized math with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system
The most influential aspect of rene descartes’s theories of nature was that
The universe functioned in a mechanistic fashion
What characterizes the condition of peasants in western europe in the 18th century
They were generally free from serfdom and owned land that they could pass on to their children
What characterizes the transformation of the english and Scottish countryside n the enclosure area
The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners
The industrious revolution was a result of
Poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to bu consumer goods
According to recent scholarship, during the 18th century, the guild system
Remained flexible as masters adopted new technologies and circumvented impractical rules
At the center of adam smith’s arguments in the wealth of nations was the belief that
The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of citizens
In Eastern europe, between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the
Consolidation of serfdom
Between 1650 and 1790, a crucial component of the global economy was established when european nations developed
The atlantic economy
In the 18th century, the biggest increase in british foreign trade was with
The british colonial empire
What characterizes 18th century colonial trae in europe
Britain’s mercantilist system achieve remarkable success as trade with its colonies few substantially
Christianity in colonial societies in the americas
Took on distinctive characteristics through a complex process of cultural exchange that made christianity more comprehensive to indigenous peoples
The proletarianization of peasants in the 18th century forced them to
Become landless rural wage earners
Some scholars have argued that the neglectful attitudes toward children in preindustrial europe were conditioned mostly by
High infant mortality rates
What was the underlying reason for the illegitimacy explosion of 1750-1850
Social and economic transformations made it harder for families and communities to supervise behavior
What was the result of the consumer revolution of the 18th century
A new type of society in which people derived their self-identity as much from their consuming practice as from their work lives
What caused the pattern of late marriage in early modern europe
It was a necessary precondition of economic independence
In the 18th century, what problems did the church of england face
Officials of both church and state used it to provide high-paying jobs to favorites and ignored the spiritual needs of the people
One of the country’s most influential works on child-reading was emile; or, on education by
Jean-jacques rousseau
