Ch 15 Test Flashcards
When speaking of “moral economy,” historians are referring to
A vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit
In Eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the
Consolidation of serfdom
Political power in the dutch republic was
Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen
How did the peace of westphalia mark a tuning point in European history
Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end
How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the 17th century
Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests
In the 17th century, why did rulers hesitate to crush rebellions
Armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs
Louis xiv selected counselors from the
Newly ennobled or upper middle class
The baroque style flourished in the context of the
Catholic reformation
The guiding force behind cardinal richelieu’s domestic policies was
The subordination of all institutions to the monarchy
How did the peace of utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the spanish throne
Louis xiv of france’s grandson, philip, was placed on the french throne with the agreement that the french and spanish thrones would never be united
How did cardinal richelieu increase the power of the centralized french state
He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of france’s 32 districts
The english political hilosopher thomas hobbes held that
The power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war
What mistaken belief did the count-duke of olivares hold that brought disaster to spain
Spain must return to the imperial tradition of the 16th century in order to solve its economic and political difficulties
What was the consequence of prince francis rakoczy’s rebellion for habsburg rule
Hungary was never fully integrated into a centralized, absolute habsburg state
Mercantilist theory postulated that
Economic activity should be regulated y and for the state
The primary cause of the english glorious revolution was
A fear of the establishment of catholic absolutism by james II
How did frederick william the great elector of prussia persuade the junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army
He confirmed the junkers’ privileges, including their authority over the serfs
How did frederick william I, king of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army
He ordered all prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists
How did the princes of moscow seek to legitimize their authority a rulers of an independent state
They modeled their rule on the mongol khans
One of the largest rebellions in 17th century russia was that led by
Stenka razin
Typically, french classicism
Presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity
What was one of the social consequences of peter the great’s bureaucratic system
People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions
After his victory in 1709 at poltava, peter the great built a new, western-style city on the baltic called
St. petersburg
Within the ottoman government, who staffed the top DIF: levels of the bureaucracy
The sultan’s slave corps
Why did the english government arrive at a crisis situation by 1604
Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country
What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments
Growth in armed forces
The final collapse of spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the battle of rocroi and the resulting treaty of
The pyrenees
How did william laud, the archbishop of canterbury, create conflict in britain in the 1630s
He sought to impose a new prayer book modeled on the anglican book of common prayer on presbyterian scotland
In return for financial support, what did charles II o england secretly promise louis xiv of france
English laws against catholics would be eased and england gradually re-catholicized
French foreign policy under cardinal richelieu focused primarily on the
Prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding france
Oliver Cromwell’s protectorate was ultimately a
Military dictatorship
What characterizes the English revolution of 1688
The revolution did not constitute a democratic revolution since sovereignty was placed in the parliament, which only represented the upper classes
Cardinal jules mazarin’s struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648-53, known as the
Fronde
France’s economy was created by the mercantilist policies of
Jean-baptiste colbert
The junkers were
Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with frederick william to consolidate the prussian state
The ottomans divided their subjects into religious communities or
Millets
The glorious revolution and the concept of representative government found its best defense in the second treatise of civil government by
John locke
In the netherlands, tensions were always present between supporters of the staunchly republican estates and supporters of
The house of orange
How did famines affect the european population in the 17th century
Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly
In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of
Johann Sebastian bach
After a defeat at Narva, peter the great constructed a new army and eventually beat the swedish in 1709 at
Poltava
How does olearius depict the russian government
The tsar or the grand prince rules the land alone, and all the people are his subjects
How does olearius view russians as a people
They are naturally tough and born for slavery
In two treatises of government, john locke notes that
The government must obtain the consent of the majority for taxes
How does locke understand the process by which a government functions
The people are in full liberty to resist those who, without authority, would impose anything upon them
