Ch 14 Test Flashcards
Who was prester john
A mythical christian king in africa believed to be a descendant of one of the three kings who insisted jesus after his birth
What characterizes the role of europe in the system of world trade prior to the voyage of columbus
Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations
In the 17th century, the dutch east india company
Took over much of the east indies from Portugal
What was a major motivation for european exploration
Desire for material profit
What group of people benefitted the most from large price increases in the 16th century
The middle class
After losing access to slave trading from the black sea, the genoese obtained who as slaves
Black africans
How did the introduction of Ptolemy’ geography mislead european cartographers
Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that asia was not far removed from europe to the west
Who resisted the portuguese efforts to gain control over indian ocean trade
Muslim-controlled port cities
When vasco da gama arrived in the indian ocean, how did he navigate these unknown waters
He hired an indian pilot as his guide
What did columbus believe he had found when he arrived in the caribbean
Islands off the coast of japan
According to his agreement with the spanish crown, what rewards would columbus receive if he found a water route to asia
He would be named viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive 1/10 of the material rewards of the journey
What did the treaty of tordesillas accomplish
It divided the atlantic ocean, giving spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and portugal everything east of the line
How did magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe affect spanish colonization
The great distance of the pacific convinced the Spanish to abandon efforts to trade in asia and develop their american colonies instead
How did the English and french seek a route to east asia
They sought a northwest passage across north america
In the 15th century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the middle east; the turkish ottomans and the
Persian safavids
What was hernan cortez’s crucial advantage in his conquest of the mexican empire
Cortez was able to exploit internal dissension within the mexican empire
Portugal’s participation in european expansion was given critical support by
Prince henry
How did the spanish respond to the trap set by the inca king atahualpa
The spanish ambushed and captured atahualpa, holding him for ransom ad then executing him
Settlers from the massachusetts colony dispersed into new communities such as connecticut and rhode island because
There were religious disputes among the colonists
How did the spanish monarchy seek to maintain control over its colonies
The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy
At the time of his death, columbus believed the islands he found were
Off the coast of asia
How did the encomienda system function
The spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of native americans in exchange for providing food and shelter
Bartolomé de las cases asserted that the indians
Had human rights
How did french colonies respond to the problem of he low migration DIFF: levels from france
Colonial officials encouraged french traders to form ties with and marry native women
How did english colonies differ from other major european colonies in their treatment of african women
English masters rarely freed the children that they fathered with female slaves
How did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa
They traded for slaves with local leaders
What characterizes the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of europeans and africans to the americas between 1500 and 1800
About 4x as many africans migrated to america as did europeans
The european voyages of the 15th century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the
Indian ocean trade
What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in spain in the 16th century
The inability of spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand for goods
In chronological order, what were the three successive commercial empires established by europeans in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries
The portuguese, the spanish, and the dutch
How did europeans initially justify the enslavement of africans
Enslavement benefitted africans by bringing christianity to them
Shakespeare’s history plays, such as richard II,
Expressed an english national consciousness
How did justifications for slavery change from the 15th to 18th century
Arguments supporting slavery began to focus more on science and nature and less on religion
How did the turks’ expansion of the ottoman empire and their conquest of the byzantine empire and its capital constantinople in 1453 influence european exploration
It forced europeans to search for alternate trade routes to chine, bypassing the overland routes now controlled by the ottoman empire
Which european nation-with the help of genoese financiers, merchants, and navigators-initiated an exploration along the atlantic coast of africa in search of new sources of gold, silver, and copper
Portugal
“Except, that everyone gives the title of barbarism to everything that is not according to his usage.” How did michel de montaigne offer a counterpoint, expressed in the quote above, to europe’s growing imperial activities
He rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another
What motivations for exploration by europeans are expressed in the following two quotes?
Bartholomew diaz: “to serve god and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”
Hernan cortez: “i have come to win old, not to plow the fields like a peasant.”
Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous populations to christianity
“Within a few days after our departure from every such town, the people began to die. . . By report of the oldest men in the country this had never happened before. . . The people were persuaded that it was the work of our God.” This quote from Thomas hariot’s report refers to what effect of european colonization
The spread of european disease among native americans
