Ch 14 Test

Question 1

Who was prester john

Answer 1

A mythical christian king in africa believed to be a descendant of one of the three kings who insisted jesus after his birth

Question 2

What characterizes the role of europe in the system of world trade prior to the voyage of columbus

Answer 2

Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations

Question 3

In the 17th century, the dutch east india company

Answer 3

Took over much of the east indies from Portugal

Question 4

What was a major motivation for european exploration

Answer 4

Desire for material profit

Question 5

What group of people benefitted the most from large price increases in the 16th century

Answer 5

The middle class

Question 6

After losing access to slave trading from the black sea, the genoese obtained who as slaves

Answer 6

Black africans

Question 7

How did the introduction of Ptolemy’ geography mislead european cartographers

Answer 7

Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that asia was not far removed from europe to the west

Question 8

Who resisted the portuguese efforts to gain control over indian ocean trade

Answer 8

Muslim-controlled port cities

Question 9

When vasco da gama arrived in the indian ocean, how did he navigate these unknown waters

Answer 9

He hired an indian pilot as his guide

Question 10

What did columbus believe he had found when he arrived in the caribbean

Answer 10

Islands off the coast of japan

Question 11

According to his agreement with the spanish crown, what rewards would columbus receive if he found a water route to asia

Answer 11

He would be named viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive 1/10 of the material rewards of the journey

Question 12

What did the treaty of tordesillas accomplish

Answer 12

It divided the atlantic ocean, giving spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and portugal everything east of the line

Question 13

How did magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe affect spanish colonization

Answer 13

The great distance of the pacific convinced the Spanish to abandon efforts to trade in asia and develop their american colonies instead

Question 14

How did the English and french seek a route to east asia

Answer 14

They sought a northwest passage across north america

Question 15

In the 15th century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the middle east; the turkish ottomans and the

Answer 15

Persian safavids

Question 16

What was hernan cortez’s crucial advantage in his conquest of the mexican empire

Answer 16

Cortez was able to exploit internal dissension within the mexican empire

Question 17

Portugal’s participation in european expansion was given critical support by

Answer 17

Prince henry

Question 18

How did the spanish respond to the trap set by the inca king atahualpa

Answer 18

The spanish ambushed and captured atahualpa, holding him for ransom ad then executing him

Question 19

Settlers from the massachusetts colony dispersed into new communities such as connecticut and rhode island because

Answer 19

There were religious disputes among the colonists

Question 20

How did the spanish monarchy seek to maintain control over its colonies

Answer 20

The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy

Question 21

At the time of his death, columbus believed the islands he found were

Answer 21

Off the coast of asia

Question 22

How did the encomienda system function

Answer 22

The spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of native americans in exchange for providing food and shelter

Question 23

Bartolomé de las cases asserted that the indians

Answer 23

Had human rights

Question 24

How did french colonies respond to the problem of he low migration DIFF: levels from france

Answer 24

Colonial officials encouraged french traders to form ties with and marry native women

Question 25

How did english colonies differ from other major european colonies in their treatment of african women

Answer 25

English masters rarely freed the children that they fathered with female slaves

Question 26

How did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa

Answer 26

They traded for slaves with local leaders

Question 27

What characterizes the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of europeans and africans to the americas between 1500 and 1800

Answer 27

About 4x as many africans migrated to america as did europeans

Question 28

The european voyages of the 15th century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the

Answer 28

Indian ocean trade

Question 29

What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in spain in the 16th century

Answer 29

The inability of spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand for goods

Question 30

In chronological order, what were the three successive commercial empires established by europeans in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries

Answer 30

The portuguese, the spanish, and the dutch

Question 31

How did europeans initially justify the enslavement of africans

Answer 31

Enslavement benefitted africans by bringing christianity to them

Question 32

Shakespeare’s history plays, such as richard II,

Answer 32

Expressed an english national consciousness

Question 33

How did justifications for slavery change from the 15th to 18th century

Answer 33

Arguments supporting slavery began to focus more on science and nature and less on religion

Question 34

How did the turks’ expansion of the ottoman empire and their conquest of the byzantine empire and its capital constantinople in 1453 influence european exploration

Answer 34

It forced europeans to search for alternate trade routes to chine, bypassing the overland routes now controlled by the ottoman empire

Question 35

Which european nation-with the help of genoese financiers, merchants, and navigators-initiated an exploration along the atlantic coast of africa in search of new sources of gold, silver, and copper

Answer 35

Portugal

Question 36

“Except, that everyone gives the title of barbarism to everything that is not according to his usage.” How did michel de montaigne offer a counterpoint, expressed in the quote above, to europe’s growing imperial activities

Answer 36

He rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another

Question 37

What motivations for exploration by europeans are expressed in the following two quotes?
Bartholomew diaz: “to serve god and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”
Hernan cortez: “i have come to win old, not to plow the fields like a peasant.”

Answer 37

Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous populations to christianity

Question 38

“Within a few days after our departure from every such town, the people began to die. . . By report of the oldest men in the country this had never happened before. . . The people were persuaded that it was the work of our God.” This quote from Thomas hariot’s report refers to what effect of european colonization

Answer 38

The spread of european disease among native americans