Ch 14 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Who was prester john

A

A mythical christian king in africa believed to be a descendant of one of the three kings who insisted jesus after his birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What characterizes the role of europe in the system of world trade prior to the voyage of columbus

A

Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the 17th century, the dutch east india company

A

Took over much of the east indies from Portugal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was a major motivation for european exploration

A

Desire for material profit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What group of people benefitted the most from large price increases in the 16th century

A

The middle class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

After losing access to slave trading from the black sea, the genoese obtained who as slaves

A

Black africans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How did the introduction of Ptolemy’ geography mislead european cartographers

A

Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that asia was not far removed from europe to the west

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who resisted the portuguese efforts to gain control over indian ocean trade

A

Muslim-controlled port cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When vasco da gama arrived in the indian ocean, how did he navigate these unknown waters

A

He hired an indian pilot as his guide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did columbus believe he had found when he arrived in the caribbean

A

Islands off the coast of japan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to his agreement with the spanish crown, what rewards would columbus receive if he found a water route to asia

A

He would be named viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive 1/10 of the material rewards of the journey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did the treaty of tordesillas accomplish

A

It divided the atlantic ocean, giving spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and portugal everything east of the line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe affect spanish colonization

A

The great distance of the pacific convinced the Spanish to abandon efforts to trade in asia and develop their american colonies instead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How did the English and french seek a route to east asia

A

They sought a northwest passage across north america

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the 15th century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the middle east; the turkish ottomans and the

A

Persian safavids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was hernan cortez’s crucial advantage in his conquest of the mexican empire

A

Cortez was able to exploit internal dissension within the mexican empire

17
Q

Portugal’s participation in european expansion was given critical support by

A

Prince henry

18
Q

How did the spanish respond to the trap set by the inca king atahualpa

A

The spanish ambushed and captured atahualpa, holding him for ransom ad then executing him

19
Q

Settlers from the massachusetts colony dispersed into new communities such as connecticut and rhode island because

A

There were religious disputes among the colonists

20
Q

How did the spanish monarchy seek to maintain control over its colonies

A

The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy

21
Q

At the time of his death, columbus believed the islands he found were

A

Off the coast of asia

22
Q

How did the encomienda system function

A

The spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of native americans in exchange for providing food and shelter

23
Q

Bartolomé de las cases asserted that the indians

A

Had human rights

24
Q

How did french colonies respond to the problem of he low migration DIFF: levels from france

A

Colonial officials encouraged french traders to form ties with and marry native women

25
How did english colonies differ from other major european colonies in their treatment of african women
English masters rarely freed the children that they fathered with female slaves
26
How did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa
They traded for slaves with local leaders
27
What characterizes the immigration patterns (forced and unforced) of europeans and africans to the americas between 1500 and 1800
About 4x as many africans migrated to america as did europeans
28
The european voyages of the 15th century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the
Indian ocean trade
29
What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in spain in the 16th century
The inability of spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing demand for goods
30
In chronological order, what were the three successive commercial empires established by europeans in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries
The portuguese, the spanish, and the dutch
31
How did europeans initially justify the enslavement of africans
Enslavement benefitted africans by bringing christianity to them
32
Shakespeare's history plays, such as richard II,
Expressed an english national consciousness
33
How did justifications for slavery change from the 15th to 18th century
Arguments supporting slavery began to focus more on science and nature and less on religion
34
How did the turks' expansion of the ottoman empire and their conquest of the byzantine empire and its capital constantinople in 1453 influence european exploration
It forced europeans to search for alternate trade routes to chine, bypassing the overland routes now controlled by the ottoman empire
35
Which european nation-with the help of genoese financiers, merchants, and navigators-initiated an exploration along the atlantic coast of africa in search of new sources of gold, silver, and copper
Portugal
36
"Except, that everyone gives the title of barbarism to everything that is not according to his usage." How did michel de montaigne offer a counterpoint, expressed in the quote above, to europe's growing imperial activities
He rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another
37
What motivations for exploration by europeans are expressed in the following two quotes? Bartholomew diaz: "to serve god and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do." Hernan cortez: "i have come to win old, not to plow the fields like a peasant."
Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous populations to christianity
38
"Within a few days after our departure from every such town, the people began to die. . . By report of the oldest men in the country this had never happened before. . . The people were persuaded that it was the work of our God." This quote from Thomas hariot's report refers to what effect of european colonization
The spread of european disease among native americans