Ch 12 Test Flashcards
A term for jews and muslims in the iberian peninsula who accepted christianity, in many cases they included christians whose families had converted centuries earlier
New christians
Government by one-man rule in italian cities such as milan; also refers to these rulers
Signori
Debate among writers and thinkers in the renaissance about women’s qualities and proper role in society
Debate about women
Sworn associations of free men in italian cities led by merchant guilds that sought political and economic independence from local nobles
Communes
The quality of being able to shape the world according to one’s own will
Virtu
A french word meaning “rebirth,” used to describe the rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity in italy during the 14th-16th centuries
Renaissance
A program of study designed by italians that emphasized the critical study of latin and greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature
Humanism
Disenfranchised common people in italian cities who resented their exclusion from power
Popolo
Financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles
Patronage
Magnificent households and palaces where signori and other rulers lived, conducted business, and supported the arts
Courts
According to the text, thomas more’s utopia was remarkable for its time because it asserted that
The problems plaguing society could be solved by a beneficent government
In terms of gender relations, renaissance humanists argued that
Women’s sphere of activity was private and domestic
What identifies the term race in the renaissance
Grouping of people based on ethnic, national, or religious factors
The marriage of ferdinand of aragon and isabella of castile
Created a dynastic union but did not unify the separate kingdoms into a single state
What inhibited women’s success as painters in the renaissance
They could not work in public where the fresco technique was done
What purposes were served by sumptuary laws
Sumptuary laws reinforced social hierarchies, attempted to impose moral standards, and sought to protect local industries
According to Machiavelli, government should be judged on whether it
Provided order, security, and safety of the populace
Who was the wealthy florentine responsible for the vast patronage of Renaissance artists
Cosimo de medici
What characterizes the interREF: section of the hierarchies of wealth and orders in the renaissance
The nobility retained its status by taking in ad integrating the new social elite of wealth
What characters he renaissance idea of virtu
The ability to shape the world around oneself according to one’s will
What was the importance of “fate” to Machiavelli’s analysis in the prince
The most skilled and prepared ruler could not fully escape the operations of fate that might cause a prince to lose his realm
Italian humanists stressed the
Study of the classics for what they could reveal about human nature
What was one o the central components of the italian renaissance
A glorification of individual genius
How did pico della mirandola understand the uniqueness of humankind
Humans, lacking a fixed place, were the one part of the created world that could freely choose to rise to the heavens or sink into the realm of animals
What was the star chamber
A court that dealt with noble threats to royal power in england
What characterizes girolamo savonarola
He came to power in florence denouncing vice and corruption, but as people tired of his moral denunciations, he lost authority
What did francesco petrarch believe
The recovery of classical texts would bring about a new golden age of intellectual achievement
In early renaissance italy, art
Manifested corporate power
Who was the most prominent metal smith who helped develop metal movable print
Johann gutenberg
Why did a unified italian state fail to develop in the 15th century
Political loyalty and feeling centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-state
The tudor henry vii of england won broad, popular support by
Promoting peace and social order at the local level
What florentine artist was commissioned by pope julius ii to build his tomb an paint the sistine chapel
Michelangelo
On the iberian peninsula, what was the social position of african slaves
They intermingled with the people they lived among and sometimes intermarried with them
What was the basis of financial support for the evolution of the renaissance artists
The patronage of wealthy individual and rulers
Why did a woman’s work receive less compensation than a man’s work
It was understood that a woman was either married or to be married and, therefore, not responsible for supporting a family
What individuals believed the merging of christian and classical traditions could provide reform for the church and deepen the spiritual lives of people
Christian humanists
The most important factor in the emergence of the italian renaissance was the
Great commercial revival in italy
The Spanish inquisition was an attempt to
Target jewish converts to christianity who were believed to continue jewish religious practice
What educational book by baldassare castiglione provided a treatise on training a young man in the discipline and fashion needed for the courtly ideal of being a gentleman
The courtier
The spanish conversos were what
Jewish christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business
On the iberian peninsula, who were the people referred to as the “new christians”
Jewish and muslim converts
What french word was coined by historian giorgio vasari to describe the “rebirth” of the culture of classical antiquity
Renaissance
The concordat of bologna, between francis i of france and pope leo x, gave the french monarch the authority to
Select bishops and abbots
“The city in this present year 270 shops belonging to the wool merchants’ guild. . . 83 rich and splendid warehouses of the silk merchants’ guild. . . The number of banks amounts to 33; the shops of the cabinet-makers, whose business is caring and inlaid work, to 84. . .there are 44 goldsmiths’ and jeweler shops.” What city is benedetto dei describing in this quote
Florence
“Assiduous in the science and skill of dealing with arms and horses and musical instruments, a well as in the pursuit of letters and the fine arts.” Who authored this self-described quote about his important qualities
Leon Battista alberti
“Everyone gets a fair share, so there are never any poor men or beggars. Nobody owns anything, but everyone is rich-for what greater wealth can there be than cheerfulness, peace of mind, and freedom from anxiety? Instead of being worried about his food supply, upset by the plaintive demands of his wife, afraid of poverty for his son.” This quote describes the ideal society in what humanist’s work
Thomas more
Northern humanists who interprete italian ideas about and attitudes toward classical antiquity and humanism in terms of their own religious traditions
Christian humanists
