ch 13 study guide

Question 1

opposition to clergy

Answer 1

anticlericalism

Question 2

salvation comes by faith alone, irrespective of good works or the sacraments, printing press spread ideas (in pamplets) in Latin and German-gained followers
church is a spiritual priesthood of all believers, an invisible fellowship not fixed in any place or person

Answer 2

Luther

Question 3

summoned in 1529 to unite protestants, failed to resolve differences about belief in eucharist, though they reached agreement on almost everything else

Answer 3

colloquy of marburg

Question 4

led to s civil war that dragged on for 15 yrs, killing thousands of people

Answer 4

st. bartholomew’s day massacre

Question 5

charles v held 1st diet(diet of worms)-summoned luther in 1521, luther refused to give in to demands that he take back his ideas-created broader audience for reform ideas, individuals follow luther and began preaching for reform

Answer 5

luther and charles v-dieat of worms

Question 6

pulpits and printing press spread luther’s ideas al over germany and by mid16 century, people of all social classes became protestant

Answer 6

luther and roman exploration of germany

Question 7

choice of religion-treaty of augsburg in 1555

Answer 7

holy roman empire

Question 8

dissolution of marriage-not a sacrament

Answer 8

protestant

Question 9

officially recognized Lutheranism, poitical authority can choose whether territory will be catholic or lutheran

Answer 9

peace of augsburg

Question 10

celibacy-didn’t agree with celibacy
it went against human nature
emphasized importance of marriage

Answer 10

luther

Question 11

marriage became virtually only occupation for upper class protestant women

Answer 11

closing of monasteries/convents

Question 12

Mary of scots (catholic) was imprisoned because elizabeth worried that mary would try to overthrow her (mary was next in line for the throne)
mary was part of a plot to assassinate elizabeth (protestant) in 1587
mary was executed and pope urged philip ii to retaliate

Answer 12

elizabeth i

Question 13

did not ascribe free will to human beings because that would detract fro the sovereignty of God

Answer 13

john calvin

Question 14

worked with political authorities
people have conflicting thoughts about state and church being united
luther wanted to prevent rebellion (first sided with peasants, but did not defend them)
wanted independence from roman church
didnt mean opposition to legally established local powers
scripture had nothing to do with material gain

Answer 14

luther and the peasant war

Question 15

occupations were a God-given calling and should be carried out with diligence and dedication, encouraged an aggressive and vigorous activism in work and religious life
hard work can’t change fate

Answer 15

calvinists

Question 16

oppose lutheran reform

strong anti-german feeling

Answer 16

polish

Question 17

predestination, men and women can’t actively work to achieve salvation, God chooses select few

Answer 17

calvinist

Question 18

lutheranism was spread by students who studied at wittenberg, sympathy develops
also worried about “german heresy”

Answer 18

hungary

Question 19

dissolution, henry viii wanted their wealth

strengthened upper class

Answer 19

english monasteries

Question 20

stopped heresy in papal states, didn’t stop lutheran/calvinist from spreading, didn’t reconcile with them either

Answer 20

influence of inquisition

Question 21

henry viii makes himself supreme head of church
dissolution of monasteries increases wealth of royal treasury
upper class is tied to protestant church
catholicism is driven underground

Answer 21

reformation in england

Question 22

held to reform catholic church and reconcile with Lutherans/calvinists
led solid basis for spiritual renewal of catholic church: equal validity to scripture an tradition
reaffirmed 7 sacraments and catholic teaching on transubstantiation
bishops reside over diocese, no plurality, simony, or indulgences
bishops given greater authority
more seminaries opened-1 for each diocese

Answer 22

council of trent

Question 23

1536, a massive rebellion that proved the largest in english history

Answer 23

pilgrimage of grace

Question 24

1598-granted liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship to Huguenots in 150 fortified towns
helped prepare the way for french absolutism in the 17 century b restoring internal peace in france

Answer 24

edict of nantes

Question 25

named herself supreme in matters of religion
required people to go to church and sometimes had protestnat masses
didn’t interfere with people’s individual beliefs
clergy were allowed to marry but the church was still hierarchial
began religious stability in england

Answer 25

elizabeth 1

Question 26

luther: secular leaders should help with reforms
calvinists: board that punished those who didn’t follow doctrine

Answer 26

luther and calvinist view of secular rulers

Question 27

suspect knows accusers and the charges, accuser could be liable for trial if their charges weren’t proven
legal authorities brought the case-made people more willing to accuse others because it wasn’t personal

Answer 27

inquisitional/accusationatorial legal procedure

Question 28

did not support german princes

Answer 28

french

Question 29

making deals with the devil
heresy-tried by protestants and catholics
most were women because women were viewed as weaker
witch trials-sometimes led to mass panic

Answer 29

witchcraft

Question 30

raise the moral and intellectual level of the clergy and people
some were reformed to follow more rigorous standards

Answer 30

catholic religious orders

Question 31

called huguenots

Answer 31

french protestants

Question 32

founded by angela merici
focused on education of women
order of nuns

Answer 32

ursuline order

Question 33

how did the council of trent reform the priesthood

Answer 33

papal court became the center of reform, education for clergy encouraged
stricter control of clerical life

Question 34

how did martin luther’s position as a university professor affect the spread of the reformation

Answer 34

students from hungary spread his teachings of lutheranism

Question 35

what was an indulgence, and how did luther’s theology of salvation reject indulgence

Answer 35

indulgence-a document issued by the catholic church lessening penance or time in purgatory
widely believe to bring forgiveness of all sins

Question 36

who were the politiques and what role did they play in france

Answer 36

believed that only the restoration of strong monarchy could reverse the trend toward collapse
also favored recognizing huguenots as an officially organized group

Question 37

during hapsburg-valois war (1551-1559) when henry ii succeeded francis i to the throne declared war on charles v, trying to get french the domination of europe

Answer 37

treaty of cateau-cambresis