chapter 12 study guide Flashcards
sworn associations of free men in Italian cities led by merchant guilds that sought political and economic independence from local nobles
communes
a program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature
humanism
disenfranchised common people in Italian cities who resented their exclusion from power
popolo
a French word meaning “rebirth”, used to describe the ribirth of the culture of classical antiquity in Italy during the 14th-16th centuries
Renaissance
northern humanists who interpreted Italian ideas about and attitudes toward classical antiquity and humanism in terms of their own religious traditions
christian humanists
a term for Jews and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula who accepted Christianity; in many cases they included christians whose families had converted centuries earlier
new christians
magnificent households and palaces where signori and other rulers lived, conducted business, and supported the arts
courts
financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles
patronage
government by one-man rule in Italian cities such as Milan; also refers to these rulers
signori
the quality of being able to shape the world according to one’s will
virtu
Utopia: societies problems can be solved by a beneficent gov.
thomas moore
women’s sphere of activity was private and domestic
renaissance humanists
renaissance grouped people based on ethnic, national, or religious factors
race
dynastic union but didn’t unify all the kingdoms in spain
ferdinand of aragon and isabella of castile
limited success of frescos because the technique was done in public
women as painters
reinforced social hierarchies, impose moral standards, protect local industries
sumptuary laws
gov. should be judged on providing order, security, and safety of the populace
machiavelli
patron of renaissance artists in florence
cosimo de medici
glorification of individual genius
central component of the Italian Renaissance
manifested corporate power
early renaissance art
great commercial rivalry in Italy during
the renaissance
debate among writers and thinkers in the Renaissance about women’s qualities and proper role in society
debate about women
what characterizes the nobilities status in the renaissance
wealth and dominance
the ability to shape the world around oneself according to one’s will is called
virtu
what is the importance of “Fate” in the prince
argues that the function of a ruler is to preserve order and security
weakness is disorder-can cause civil war
rulers should use manipulation, lying or brutality to preserve the state but shouldn’t do anything to make the populace turn against them (cruelty or stealing)
italian humanists stressed what
humanism, education, classics in latin and greek
pico della mirandola views on the uniqueness of humankind
we are intelligent and above animals, we are made in God’s image, God loves us
court with stars painted on the ceiling; council dealt with real or potential aristocratic threats through a judicial offset
star chamber
girolamo savonarola is characterized by what
preached that God would punish italy for corrupt leaders
what are francesco petrarch’s beliefs
thought roman writings were perfect and that the recovery of classical texts would bring a golden age of intellectual achievement
metalworker who invented the printing press
johann gutenberg
tudor, henry vii of england gained support how
chose small landowning men and men trained in law to be his advisors
michelangelo was commissioned to do what for pope julius ii
paint ceiling of vatican’s sistine chapel in 1508
iberian peninsula-social position of african slaves
concentrated there, show wealth, and provide entertainment
who supported the renaissance artists financially
wealthy patrons
why did women receive less compensation in the renaissance
viewed as demanding, devious, domineering
stick to the house, and uncommon to do art
christian humanist beliefs
best elements of classical and christian cultures should be combined
ex. calmness, stoical patience, and broad-mindedness meets love, faith, hope
spanish inquisition attempted what
questioned theresa of avila because she thought women should have strict guidelines to live by-interrogated her to make sure she was inspired by God
she succeeded and gained many followers
castiglione’s, the courtier, main goal was what
train, discipline, and fashion a young man into the courtly ideal gentleman
who were the spanish conversos
jewish and muslim people forced to convert to christianity; usually were well-educated and help prominent positions in society
who were referred to as “new christians”
jews and muslims
what was the concordat of bologna
approved pope’s right to receive the first year’s income of newly named bishops and abbots in france
in return, leo x recognized the french ruler’s right to select french bishops and abbots
french kings thereafter effectively controlled the appointment and thus the policies of church officials in the kingdom
giorgio vasari coined the term what
renaissance
