chapter 12 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

sworn associations of free men in Italian cities led by merchant guilds that sought political and economic independence from local nobles

A

communes

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2
Q

a program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature

A

humanism

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3
Q

disenfranchised common people in Italian cities who resented their exclusion from power

A

popolo

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4
Q

a French word meaning “rebirth”, used to describe the ribirth of the culture of classical antiquity in Italy during the 14th-16th centuries

A

Renaissance

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5
Q

northern humanists who interpreted Italian ideas about and attitudes toward classical antiquity and humanism in terms of their own religious traditions

A

christian humanists

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6
Q

a term for Jews and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula who accepted Christianity; in many cases they included christians whose families had converted centuries earlier

A

new christians

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7
Q

magnificent households and palaces where signori and other rulers lived, conducted business, and supported the arts

A

courts

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8
Q

financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles

A

patronage

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9
Q

government by one-man rule in Italian cities such as Milan; also refers to these rulers

A

signori

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10
Q

the quality of being able to shape the world according to one’s will

A

virtu

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11
Q

Utopia: societies problems can be solved by a beneficent gov.

A

thomas moore

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12
Q

women’s sphere of activity was private and domestic

A

renaissance humanists

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13
Q

renaissance grouped people based on ethnic, national, or religious factors

A

race

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14
Q

dynastic union but didn’t unify all the kingdoms in spain

A

ferdinand of aragon and isabella of castile

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15
Q

limited success of frescos because the technique was done in public

A

women as painters

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16
Q

reinforced social hierarchies, impose moral standards, protect local industries

A

sumptuary laws

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17
Q

gov. should be judged on providing order, security, and safety of the populace

A

machiavelli

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18
Q

patron of renaissance artists in florence

A

cosimo de medici

19
Q

glorification of individual genius

A

central component of the Italian Renaissance

20
Q

manifested corporate power

A

early renaissance art

21
Q

great commercial rivalry in Italy during

A

the renaissance

22
Q

debate among writers and thinkers in the Renaissance about women’s qualities and proper role in society

A

debate about women

23
Q

what characterizes the nobilities status in the renaissance

A

wealth and dominance

24
Q

the ability to shape the world around oneself according to one’s will is called

25
what is the importance of "Fate" in the prince
argues that the function of a ruler is to preserve order and security weakness is disorder-can cause civil war rulers should use manipulation, lying or brutality to preserve the state but shouldn't do anything to make the populace turn against them (cruelty or stealing)
26
italian humanists stressed what
humanism, education, classics in latin and greek
27
pico della mirandola views on the uniqueness of humankind
we are intelligent and above animals, we are made in God's image, God loves us
28
court with stars painted on the ceiling; council dealt with real or potential aristocratic threats through a judicial offset
star chamber
29
girolamo savonarola is characterized by what
preached that God would punish italy for corrupt leaders
30
what are francesco petrarch's beliefs
thought roman writings were perfect and that the recovery of classical texts would bring a golden age of intellectual achievement
31
metalworker who invented the printing press
johann gutenberg
32
tudor, henry vii of england gained support how
chose small landowning men and men trained in law to be his advisors
33
michelangelo was commissioned to do what for pope julius ii
paint ceiling of vatican's sistine chapel in 1508
34
iberian peninsula-social position of african slaves
concentrated there, show wealth, and provide entertainment
35
who supported the renaissance artists financially
wealthy patrons
36
why did women receive less compensation in the renaissance
viewed as demanding, devious, domineering | stick to the house, and uncommon to do art
37
christian humanist beliefs
best elements of classical and christian cultures should be combined ex. calmness, stoical patience, and broad-mindedness meets love, faith, hope
38
spanish inquisition attempted what
questioned theresa of avila because she thought women should have strict guidelines to live by-interrogated her to make sure she was inspired by God she succeeded and gained many followers
39
castiglione's, the courtier, main goal was what
train, discipline, and fashion a young man into the courtly ideal gentleman
40
who were the spanish conversos
jewish and muslim people forced to convert to christianity; usually were well-educated and help prominent positions in society
41
who were referred to as "new christians"
jews and muslims
42
what was the concordat of bologna
approved pope's right to receive the first year's income of newly named bishops and abbots in france in return, leo x recognized the french ruler's right to select french bishops and abbots french kings thereafter effectively controlled the appointment and thus the policies of church officials in the kingdom
43
giorgio vasari coined the term what
renaissance