TRIMMING 1.0 Flashcards by J .

a process whereby tissues are trimmed and cut into uniformly thin slices or “sections” to facilitate the studies under the microscope

MICROTOMY

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the EXCESS WAX IS CUT OFF FROM THE BLOCK to expose the tissue surface in preparation for actual cutting

TRIMMING

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TISSUES ARE CUT INTO UNIFORMLY THIN SLICES with the aid of machine to facilitate the studies under the microscope

SECTIONING

or SECTION-CUTTING

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MACHINE or INSTRUMENT designed for the accurate cutting of thin slices/sections of tissues

MICROTOME

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microtome for CUTTING CELLOIDIN SECTIONS

SLIDING MICROTOME

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favored in laboratories where VERY HARD TISSUE OR BLOCKS ARE SECTIONED

BASE-SLEDGE MICROTOME

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microtome where the BLOCK REMAINS STATIONARY while the KNIFE IS MOVED BACKWARD and FORWARD

STANDARD SLIDING MICROTOME

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MOST DANGEROUS microtome because of its movable exposed knife

SLIDING MICROTOME

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for CUTTING PARAFFIN EMBEDDED sections

ROTARY MICROTOME

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MOST POPULAR and MOST COMMON type used for ROUTINE and research studies

ROTARY MICROTOME

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the microtome INSIDE THE CRYOSTAT

ROTARY MICROTOME

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the SIMPLEST TYPE of microtome

ROCKING MICROTOME

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microtome for cutting sections of LARGE BLOCKS OF PARAFFIN EMBEDDED TISSUES

ROCKING MICROTOME

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microtome for cutting UNEMBEDDED FROZEN SECTIONS

FREEZING MICROTOME

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replaced in most laboratories by the CRYOSTAT

FREEZING MICROTOME

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microtome for cutting specimens into EXTREMELY THIN SLICES FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY WORK

ULTRATHIN MICROTOME

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how thin are tissue slices of SEMITHIN?

0.5 - 1µm

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thickness of ULTRATHIN tissue slices

60 - 100nm

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microtome by GEORGE ADAMS

SLIDING MICROTOME

“naslide si Adam”

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microtome by GEORGE RICHARDS MINOT

ROTARY MICROTOME

“MINOT-ROT”

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microtome also known as CAMBRIDGE

ROCKING MICROTOME

“nagrock ang bridge”

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microtome by PALDWELL TREFALL

ROCKING MICROTOME

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microtome by JOHN QUECKETT

FREEZING MICROTOME

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microtome knife 25mm IN LENGTH

PLANE CONCAVE

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one side of the knife is **FLAT/STRAIGHT while the other is CONCAVE**

PLANE CONCAVE

in Plane Concave knives, the **less concave part** is used for cutting what tissues?

CELLOIDIN TISSUES

in Plane Concave knives, the **more concave side** is used for cutting what tissues?

PARAFFIN TISSUES

knives with **BOTH SIDES *CONCAVE***

BICONCAVE KNIFE

microtome knife where **BOTH SIDES ARE *STRAIGHT***

PLANE WEDGE

knife used for **FROZEN SECTIONS and EXTREMELY HARD and TOUGH SPECIMENS**

PLANE WEDGE

knife **120mm IN LENGTH**

BICONCAVE KNIFE

knife **100mm IN LENGTH**

PLANE WEDGE

**BEVEL** angle

27-32°

**INCLINATION** angle

15°

**CLEARANCE** angle

5-10°

the angle **FORMED BETWEEN ACTUAL CUTTING EDGES**

BEVEL ANGLE

perfect and optimum cutting angle is obtained causing **maximum penetration of tissues and minimizing distortion**

INCLINATION ANGLE

to prevent uneven sections (alternate thin and thick sections)

CLEARANCE ANGLE

the knife is usually tilted at what angulation on a microtome to allow a clearance angle between the cutting facet and tissue block?

0-15°

**HARD TISSUES** are best cut with a ***(blank)***, relatively (**blank)** stroke

FIRM, QUICK

**SOFT TISSUES** are best cut with **(blank), (blank)** MOTION

SLOW, GENTLE

thickness of **PARAFFIN SECTIONS**

4-6µ

thickness of **CELLOIDIN SECTION**

10-15µ

thickness of **FROZEN SECTION**

4µ

# TYPE OF TISSUE SECTION: may be cut by **ROCKING** and **ROTARY** microtome

PARAFFIN SECTION

# TYPE OF TISSUE SECTION: usually used by means of the **SLIDING** microtome

CELLOIDIN SECTION

unbroken sequence of sections throughout the tissue blocks

SERIAL SECTIONS | or RIBBON 🎀

KNIFE TEMPERATURE

-40 to -60°C

TISSUE TEMPERATURE

-5 to -10°C

ENVIRONMENT TEMPERATURE

0 to 10°C

microtome used for **FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY** staining techniques or **HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES**

CRYOSTAT (COLD MICROTOME)

microtome used for **rapid preparation of urgent tissue biopsies** for intraoperative diagnosis

CRYOSTAT (COLD MICROTOME)

**OPTIMUM WORKING TEMPERATURE** of CRYOSTAT

(-5 to -30°C) or (-18 to -20°C) | AVE: -20°C

in using fixed tissues for cryostat, in what reagent are tissues immersed in for 1-2 minutes before freezing and sectioning for rapid surgical diagnosis?

**BOILING** 10% BUFFERED FORMALIN

methods of **STAINING FOR CRYOSTAT SECTIONS** for rapid surgical diagnosis

1. POLYCHROME METHYLENE BLUE (Loeffler's) 2. THIONINE 3. ALCOHOLIC PINOCYANOL 4. H&E STAINING | "PoTAHE" 😂

**MOST COMMONLY USED** staining methods for cryostat sections for rapid surgical dx

1. H&E STAINING 2. POLYCHROME METHYLENE BLUE (Loeffler's)

this method is normally utilized when a **RAPID DIAGNOSIS** of the tissue in question is required

FROZEN SECTION

this method is essentially recommended when **LIPIDS and NERVOUS TISSUE** elements are to be demonstrated

FROZEN SECTION

in what state does frozen section require the tissues to be during cutting of section?

SOLID, FROZEN

all enzymes are destroyed at temperature above _____

56°C

**DISADVANTAGE** of FROZEN SECTION

RELATIVELY POOR QUALITY OF THE FINAL SLIDE

**COMMONLY USED** methods of **FREEZING**

1. LIQUID NITROGEN 2. ISOPENTANE COOLED BY LIQUID NITROGEN 3. CARBON DIOXIDE GAS 4. AEROSOL SPRAYS | "LICA"

**MOST RAPID FREEZING AGENT**

ISOPENTANE COOLED BY LIQUID NITROGEN

2 METHODS of **PREPARING FROZEN SECTIONS**

1. COLD KNIFE PROCEDURE 2. CRYOSTAT PROCEDURE