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PSALM GIRLS HISTOPATHOLOGY > FIXATIVES 1.0 > Flashcards

FIXATIVES 1.0 Flashcards

ALDEHYDE, METALLIC, CHROMATE, LEAD

1
Q

Formaldehyde is a gas produced by the oxidation of what substance?

A

METHYL ALCOHOL

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2
Q

REAGENT-GRADE FORMALDEHYDE contains __________

A

10% METHANOL

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3
Q

REMOVAL OF FORMALIN PIGMENTS:

this method involves placing formaldehyde fixed specimens in ACETONE, 28% AMMONIA WATER, and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

A

LILLIE’S METHOD
(arte si Lillie so daghan siya’g kailangan 🤩)

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4
Q

REMOVAL OF FORMALIN PIGMENTS:

this is a method of formaldehyde clearance involving 70% ETHANOL and 28% AMMONIA WATER

A

KARDASEWITCH’S METHOD

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5
Q

rinsing agent in LILLIE’S METHOD

A

70% ALCOHOL

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6
Q

TRADITIONALLY, it is the most commonly used fixative in PATHOLOGY

A

10% FORMOL-SALINE

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7
Q

BEST FIXATIVE FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS TISSUES and GENERAL POST-MORTEM TISSUES for histochemical examination

A

10% FORMOL-SALINE

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8
Q

10% Formol-Saline should be changed every how many months so large specimens can be fixed for a long time?

A

3 MONTHS

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9
Q

Ideal for SILVER IMPREGNATION and other staining techniques

A

10% FORMOL-SALINE

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10
Q

It is used to preserve PHOSPHOLIPIDS

A

CALCIUM ACETATE FORMALIN (LILLIE’S)

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11
Q

REPLACED FORMOL-SALINE as the most commonly used fixative in pathology

A

CALCIUM ACETATE FORMALIN (LILLIE’S)

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12
Q

MOST WIDELY USED FIXATIVE FOR ROUTINE HISTOLOGY

A

10% NBF

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13
Q

BEST GENERAL TISSUE FIXATIVE

A

10% NBF

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14
Q

BEST FIXATIVE FOR FROZEN SECTIONS

A

10% NBF

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15
Q

the fixative of choice for many other procedures that require paraffin embedding, including IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY and interphase FISH

A

10% NBF

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16
Q

BEST FIXATIVE FOR IRON-CONTAINING PIGMENTS and ELASTIC FIBERS

A

10% NBF

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17
Q

recommended for ROUTINE POST-MORTEM TISSUES

A

FORMOL CORROSIVE

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18
Q

EXCELLENT for SILVER RETICULUM METHODS

A

FORMOL CORROSIVE

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19
Q

in using formol corrosive, tissue sections should NOT BE MORE THAN how many cm thick?

A

1cm

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20
Q

a fixative that contains ALCOHOL SATURATED WITH PICRIC ACID

A

ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN

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21
Q

ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN is also known as?

A

GENDRE’S FIXATIVE

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22
Q

it fixes and dehydrates at the same time and fixes SPUTUM since it coagulates mucus

A

ALCOHOLIC FORMALIN

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23
Q

gives improved results with immunohistochemistry

A

UNBUFFERED ZINC FORMALIN

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24
Q

suitable for paraffin embedding and sectioning, and also for immunohistochemical analysis

A

PARAFORMALDEHYDE

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25
Q

suitable for use when preparing samples for light microscopy in RESIN embedding and sectioning, and for EM

A

KARNOVSKY’S FIXATIVE
“nag RES(t) siya sa KAR ni NOVa”

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26
Q

GOOD FIXATIVE FOR NERVOUS TISSUE (ASTROCYTES)

A

CAJAL’S FORMOL-AMMONIUM BROMIDE

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27
Q

used for the PRESERVATION OF LIPIDS SINCE MOST FORMALIN FIXATIVES ARE INERT TO LIPIDS

A

BAKER’S FORMOL CALCIUM

28
Q

it is made up of 2 FORMALDEHYDE RESIDUES, LINKED BY A THREE-CARBON CHAIN

A

GLUTARALDEHYDE

29
Q

concentration of glutaraldehyde for SMALL TISSUE FRAGMENTS and NEEDLE BIOPSIES for 2-4 hours at room temperature

A

2.5%

30
Q

concentration of glutaraldehyde for LARGE TISSUE FRAGMENTS LESS THAN 4mm THICK for 6-8 hours up to 24 hours

A

4%

31
Q

fixative RECOMMENDED FOR HISTOCHEMISTRY and ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A

GLUTARALDEHYDE

32
Q

The MOST EFFECTIVE ALDEHYDE for PROTEIN CROSS-LINKING

A

GLUTARALDEHYDE

33
Q

the MOST COMMON METALLIC FIXATIVE and WIDELY USED AS A SECONDARY FIXATIVE

A

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

34
Q

Mercuric Chloride is frequently used in saturated aqueous solution of __________

A

5-7%

35
Q

the routine fixative of choice for preservation of cell detail in TISSUE PHOTOGRAPHY

A

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

36
Q

group of fixatives recommended for RENAL TSES, FIBRIN, CONNECTIVE TSES, and MUSCLES

A

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

37
Q

fixative where its best application is for fixation of HEMATOPOIETIC and RES TISSUES

A

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

38
Q

mercuric chloride fixative:

MERCURIC CHLORIDE + GLACIAL ACETIC ACID just BEFORE its use

A

ZENKER’S FLUID

39
Q

may act as a MORDANT to make certain special staining possible

A

ZENKER’S FLUID

40
Q

recommended for PTAH and TRICHROME STAINING

A

ZENKER’S FLUID

41
Q

mercuric chloride fixative:

MERCURIC CHLORIDE + 40% FORMALDEHYDE just BEFORE its use

A

ZENKER-FORMOL

42
Q

it is an EXCELLENT MICROANATOMIC FIXATIVE for PITUITARY, BONE MARROW, BLOOD-CONTAINING ORGANS

A

ZENKER-FORMOL (Helly’s)
“Bloody helly”

43
Q

Zenker Formol is aka __________

A

HELLY’S

44
Q

fixative recommended for TUMOR BIOPSIES especially of the SKIN

A

HEIDENHAIN’S SUSA

45
Q

Heidenhain’s Susa produces minimum shrinkage and hardening of tissues due to the COUNTER-BALANCE of the SWELLING EFFECTS of _____ and the SHRINKAGE effect of _______________

A

ACIDS; MERCURY

46
Q

fixative used on WET SMEARS for cytologic examinations

A

SCHAUDINN’S SOLUTION

47
Q

commonly used for BONE MARROW BIOPSIES

A

LILLIE’S B-5 FIXATIVE

(“Lillie’s Bone Marrow Biopsies”) 😂

48
Q

what is added to 10mL Lillie’s B-5 fixative prior to use?

A

1mL of 40% FORMALDEHYDE

49
Q

2 mercuric chloride rapid fixatives giving excellent NUCLEAR preservation

A
  1. CARNOY-LEBRUN
  2. OHLMACHER
50
Q

a class of fixatives which are strong oxidizing agents used for PRECIPITATING PROTEINS and PRESERVING CARBOHYDRATES

A

CHROMATE FIXATIVES

51
Q

recommended for “CAM” (CHROMAFFIN TISSUES, ADRENAL MEDULLA, and MITOCHONDRIA)

A

CHROMATE FIXATIVES

52
Q

what must be added to chrome-containing tissues before use to prevent counteracting effects and consequent decomposition of solution upon prolonged standing?

A

FORMALDEHYDE

53
Q

under chromate fixatives:

it PRECIPITATES ALL PROTEINS and adequately PRESERVES CARBOHYDRATES

A

CHROMIC ACID

54
Q

recommended for the demonstration of CHROMATIN, MITOCHONDRIA, MITOTIC FIGURES, GOLGI BODIES, RBC and COLLOID-CONTAINING TISSUES

A

REGAUD’S FLUID

55
Q

Regaud’s Fluid is a fixative with SLOW PENETRATION and tends to produce precipitates of what substance?

A

SUB-OXIDES

56
Q

prolonged fixation in this fixative produces MELANIN and blackens the tissue pigments

A

REGAUD’S FLUID

57
Q

What is added to Regaud’s Fluid just before use?

A

40% STRONG FORMALDEHYDE

58
Q

fixative recommended for study of EARLY DEGENERATIVE PROCESSES and TISSUE NECROSIS

A

ORTH’S FLUID

59
Q

demonstrates RICKETTSIA and other bacteria

A

ORTH’S FLUID

60
Q

Potassium Dichromate is used in how many percent aqueous soln?

A

3%

61
Q

Potassium Dichromate preserves mitochondria at what pH?

A

pH 4.5 - 5.2

62
Q

Lead Fixatives are used in how many percent aqueous solution of BASIC LEAD ACETATE?

A

4%

63
Q

a primary reaction product precipitate for the visualization of the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in tissue sections

A

LEAD OXALOACETATE

64
Q

fixative recommended for ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES

A

LEAD FIXATIVES

65
Q

disadvantage of lead fixatives:

it takes up CO₂ to form what insoluble compound especially on prolonged standing?

A

LEAD CARBONATE

66
Q

this fixative is a solution of MERCURIC CHLORIDE, SODIUM CHLORIDE, ALCOHOL, and GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

A

SCHAUDINN’S SOLUTION

PSALM GIRLS HISTOPATHOLOGY (9 decks)

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