STAINING

Question 1

enables one to see and study the architectural pattern of the tissue and physical characteristics and structural relationships of tissues and their cells

Answer 1

STAINING

Question 2

the process whereby the TISSUE CONSTITUENTS ARE DEMONSTRATED IN SECTIONS by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution, producing coloration of the active tissue component

Answer 2

HISTOLOGICAL STAINING

Question 3

used to demonstrate the general relationship of tissues and cells with differentiation of nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 3

HISTOLOGICAL STAINING

Question 4

the process whereby VARIOUS CONSTITUENTS OF TISSUES ARE STUDIED THRU CHEMICAL REACTIONS that will permit microscopic localization of a specific tissue substance

Answer 4

HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING

Question 5

a combination of IMMUNOLOGIC and HISTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES that allow PHENOTYPIC MARKERS TO BE DETECTED and demonstrated under the microscope

Answer 5

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING

Question 6

the BASIS OF HISTOCHEMISTRY

Answer 6

SPECIFIC STAINING

Question 7

it is accomplished by controlled, specific chemical reactions designed to give a final color (staining) at the site/location of the structure of the substances in the cells or tissues

Answer 7

SPECIFIC STAINING

Question 8

the staining of tissue by means of SIMPLE ALCOHOLIC/AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF THE DYE

Answer 8

DIRECT (or SIMPLE) STAINING

Question 9

the action of the dye is intensified by some other agents such as:
a. MORDANT
b. ACCENTUATOR

Answer 9

INDIRECT STAINING

Question 10

what dyes have a NET POSITIVE CHARGE and bind to components of cells and tissues that are NEGATIVELY CHARGED?

Answer 10

BASIC DYES

Question 11

what dyes have a NET NEGATIVE CHARGE and binds to components of cells and tissues that are POSITIVELY CHARGED?

Answer 11

ACIDIC DYES

Question 12

a substance which, when taken up by the tissue, helps make the dye in return serving as a LINK or BRIDGE TO MAKE THE STAINING REACTION POSSIBLE

Answer 12

MORDANT

Question 13

a dye combined with a mordant forms what?

Answer 13

LAKE

Question 14

an integral part of the staining rxn itself, without which, no staining could possibly occur

Answer 14

MORDANT

Question 15

a chemical substance that DOES NOT PARTICIPATE BUT MERELY INCREASES OR HEIGHTENS the color intensity, crispness, and selectivity of the stain

Answer 15

ACCENTUATOR

Question 16

staining is continued in a DEFINITIVE SEQUENCE UNTIL THE DESIRED INTENSITY of the different tissue elements is attained

Answer 16

PROGRESSIVE STAINING

Question 17

NO WASHING / DIFFERENTIATION / DECOLORIZATION in between is required; solely relies on the selective affinity of dyes for different cellular elements

Answer 17

PROGRESSIVE STAINING

Question 18

staining wherein the tissues are OVERSTAINED and the excess dye is then removed until the desired intensity is obtained

Answer 18

REGRESSIVE STAINING

Question 19

a differentiator for BOTH BASIC and ACID DYES

Answer 19

ALCOHOL

Question 20

entails the use of the specific dyes that stains tissues with a color that is DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF THE STAIN COLOR ITSELF

Answer 20

METACHROMATIC STAINING

Question 21

Metachromatic Staining is aka…

Answer 21

METACHROMASIA

Question 22

basic dyes belonging to THIZINE and TRIPHENYLMETHANE GROUPS

Answer 22

METACHROMATIC DYES

Question 23

the application of a different color or stain to PROVIDE CONTRAST and BACKGROUND to the stianing of the structural components to be demonstrated

Answer 23

COUNTERSTAINING

Question 24

the selective staining of LIVING cell constituents, demonstrating cytoplasmic structures by phagocytosis of the dye particle

Answer 24

VITAL STAINING

Question 25

what part of the living cell is **RESISTANT TO VITAL STAINS** and therefore is not demonstrated?

Answer 25

NUCLEUS

Question 26

done by **INJECTING THE DYE** into any part of the animal body producing specific coloration of certain cells, particularly those of the RES

Answer 26

INTRAVITAL STAINING

Question 27

**COMMON DYES** used in Intravital Staining

Answer 27

1. LITHIUM 2. INDIA INK 3. CARMINE | "INTRA-LIC"

Question 28

used to stain **LIVING CELLS IMMEDIATELY AFTER REMOVAL FROM THE LIVING BODY**

Answer 28

SUPRAVITAL STAINING

Question 29

probably the best vital dye

Answer 29

NEUTRAL RED

Question 30

**makes use of HEAVY METALS** which are precipitated with selectivity of certain cellular and tissue components

Answer 30

METALLIC IMPREGNATION

Question 31

Metallic Impregnation differs from staining because it consists of what precipitate?

Answer 31

**OPAQUE BLACK** PARTICULATE PRECIPITATE

Question 32

**MOST COMMONLY** used agent for Impregnation

Answer 32

SILVER NITRATE

Question 33

dyes that are obtained **FROM PLANTS AND ANIMALS**, previously utilized for dyeing wool and cotton

Answer 33

NATURAL DYES

Question 34

sometimes known as **"COAL TAR DYES"**

Answer 34

SYNTHETIC DYES

Question 35

dyes **DERIVED FROM BENZENE** and are collectively known as **ANILINE DYES**

Answer 35

SYNTHETIC DYES

Question 36

known in Greek as ***"COLOR-BEARERS"***

Answer 36

CHROMOPHORE

Question 37

known in Greek as ***"COLOR-INCREASER"***

Answer 37

AUXOCHROME

Question 38

substances with definite atomic groupings and are **CAPABLE OF PRODUCING VISIBLE COLORS**

Answer 38

CHROMOPHORE

Question 39

substances which **IMPART TO THE COMPOUND THE PROPERTY OF *ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION***, thereby altering the shade of the dye, giving it the property of forming **SALTS** with another compound and ultimately **RETAINING ITS COLOR**

Answer 39

AUXOCHROME

Question 40

what 2 components must a chromogen have to be a dye?

Answer 40

1. ACID 2. BASE

Question 41

the coloring property is attributed to the ______ and the dyeing property to the salt forming __________

Answer 41

CHROMOPHORE; AUXOCHROME

Question 42

a process of **SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF EXCESS DYE**

Answer 42

DIFFERENTIATION

Question 43

# CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS: act by **COMBINING WITH THE METAL** thus breaking the latter's union with the tissue or cell components

Answer 43

ACID DIFFERENTIATOR

Question 44

# CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS: act by **OXIDIZING THE DYE TO A COLORLESS SUBSTANCE**

Answer 44

OXIDIZING DIFFERENTIATOR

Question 45

# CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS: when a section that has been stained by a **MORDANT DYE** is placed in a solution of mordant, the latter is present in great excess and the dye gradually leaves the tissue to combnie with the free mordant in solution

Answer 45

MORDANT DIFFERENTIATOR

Question 46

# CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS: examples: HCl, HAc

Answer 46

ACID DIFFERENTIATOR

Question 47

# CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS: examples: POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE, POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE

Answer 47

OXIDIZING DIFFERENTIATOR

Question 48

a natural dye extracted from the core of heartwood of the tree *Hematoxylon campechianum*

Answer 48

HEMATOXYLIN

Question 49

formed by the oxidation of hematoxylin

Answer 49

HEMATIN

Question 50

usually done by exposing the substance to **AIR and SUNLIGHT**, thereby oxidizing hematoxylin

Answer 50

RIPENING

Question 51

a **RED ACID DYE** used for staining cytoplasm differentially

Answer 51

EOSIN

Question 52

dye commonly used as a background or contrast stain because it gives a pleasing and useful contrast to nuclear stains such as hematoxylin

Answer 52

EOSIN

Question 53

# EOSIN TYPES: most commonly used

Answer 53

EOSIN Y

Question 54

# EOSIN TYPES: has a **DEEPER RED COLOR**; RARELY USED

Answer 54

EOSIN B

Question 55

# EOSIN TYPES: eosin alcohol-soluble; RARELY USED

Answer 55

EOSIN S

Question 56

what substance will make eosin staining more intense and selective?

Answer 56

GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

Question 57

what step is omitted in the **MODIFIED H and E TECHNIQUE**?

Answer 57

DIFFERENTIATION

Question 58

what form of staining does **MODIFIED H and E TECHNIQUE** use?

Answer 58

PROGRESSIVE STAINING | PROGRESSIVE na siya kay namodify na siya 🤩