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PSALM GIRLS: HISTOPATHOLOGY > STAINING > Flashcards

STAINING Flashcards

mga wala sa deck ni Bea 👻

1
Q

enables one to see and study the architectural pattern of the tissue and physical characteristics and structural relationships of tissues and their cells

A

STAINING

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2
Q

the process whereby the TISSUE CONSTITUENTS ARE DEMONSTRATED IN SECTIONS by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution, producing coloration of the active tissue component

A

HISTOLOGICAL STAINING

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3
Q

used to demonstrate the general relationship of tissues and cells with differentiation of nucleus and cytoplasm

A

HISTOLOGICAL STAINING

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4
Q

the process whereby VARIOUS CONSTITUENTS OF TISSUES ARE STUDIED THRU CHEMICAL REACTIONS that will permit microscopic localization of a specific tissue substance

A

HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING

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5
Q

a combination of IMMUNOLOGIC and HISTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES that allow PHENOTYPIC MARKERS TO BE DETECTED and demonstrated under the microscope

A

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING

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6
Q

the BASIS OF HISTOCHEMISTRY

A

SPECIFIC STAINING

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7
Q

it is accomplished by controlled, specific chemical reactions designed to give a final color (staining) at the site/location of the structure of the substances in the cells or tissues

A

SPECIFIC STAINING

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8
Q

the staining of tissue by means of SIMPLE ALCOHOLIC/AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF THE DYE

A

DIRECT (or SIMPLE) STAINING

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9
Q

the action of the dye is intensified by some other agents such as:
a. MORDANT
b. ACCENTUATOR

A

INDIRECT STAINING

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10
Q

what dyes have a NET POSITIVE CHARGE and bind to components of cells and tissues that are NEGATIVELY CHARGED?

A

BASIC DYES

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11
Q

what dyes have a NET NEGATIVE CHARGE and binds to components of cells and tissues that are POSITIVELY CHARGED?

A

ACIDIC DYES

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12
Q

a substance which, when taken up by the tissue, helps make the dye in return serving as a LINK or BRIDGE TO MAKE THE STAINING REACTION POSSIBLE

A

MORDANT

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13
Q

a dye combined with a mordant forms what?

A

LAKE

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14
Q

an integral part of the staining rxn itself, without which, no staining could possibly occur

A

MORDANT

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15
Q

a chemical substance that DOES NOT PARTICIPATE BUT MERELY INCREASES OR HEIGHTENS the color intensity, crispness, and selectivity of the stain

A

ACCENTUATOR

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16
Q

staining is continued in a DEFINITIVE SEQUENCE UNTIL THE DESIRED INTENSITY of the different tissue elements is attained

A

PROGRESSIVE STAINING

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17
Q

NO WASHING / DIFFERENTIATION / DECOLORIZATION in between is required solely relies on the selective affinity of dyes for different cellular elements

A

PROGRESSIVE STAINING

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18
Q

staining wherein the tissues are OVERSTAINED and the excess dye is then removed until the desired intensity is obtained

A

REGRESSIVE STAINING

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19
Q

a differentiator for BOTH BASIC and ACID DYES

A

ALCOHOL

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20
Q

entails the use of the specific dyes that stains tissues with a color that is DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF THE STAIN COLOR ITSELF

A

METACHROMATIC STAINING

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21
Q

Metachromatic Staining is aka…

A

METACHROMASIA

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22
Q

basic dyes belonging to THIZINE and TRIPHENYLMETHANE GROUPS

A

METACHROMATIC DYES

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23
Q

the application of a different color or stain to PROVIDE CONTRAST and BACKGROUND to the stianing of the structural components to be demonstrated

A

COUNTERSTAINING

24
Q

the selective staining of LIVING cell constituents, demonstrating cytoplasmic structures by phagocytosis of the dye particle

A

VITAL STAINING

25
Q

what part of the living cell is RESISTANT TO VITAL STAINS and therefore is not demonstrated?

A

NUCLEUS

26
Q

done by INJECTING THE DYE into any part of the animal body producing specific coloration of certain cells, particularly those of the RES

A

INTRAVITAL STAINING

27
Q

COMMON DYES used in Intravital Staining

A
  1. LITHIUM
  2. INDIA INK
  3. CARMINE

“INTRA-LIC”

28
Q

used to stain LIVING CELLS IMMEDIATELY AFTER REMOVAL FROM THE LIVING BODY

A

SUPRAVITAL STAINING

29
Q

probably the best vital dye

A

NEUTRAL RED

30
Q

makes use of HEAVY METALS which are precipitated with selectivity of certain cellular and tissue components

A

METALLIC IMPREGNATION

31
Q

Metallic Impregnation differs from staining because it consists of what precipitate?

A

OPAQUE BLACK PARTICULATE PRECIPITATE

32
Q

MOST COMMONLY used agent for Impregnation

A

SILVER NITRATE

33
Q

dyes that are obtained FROM PLANTS AND ANIMALS, previously utilized for dyeing wool and cotton

A

NATURAL DYES

34
Q

sometimes known as “COAL TAR DYES”

A

SYNTHETIC DYES

35
Q

dyes DERIVED FROM BENZENE and are collectively known as ANILINE DYES

A

SYNTHETIC DYES

36
Q

known in Greek as “COLOR-BEARERS”

A

CHROMOPHORE

37
Q

known in Greek as “COLOR-INCREASER”

A

AUXOCHROME

38
Q

substances with definite atomic groupings and are CAPABLE OF PRODUCING VISIBLE COLORS

A

CHROMOPHORE

39
Q

substances which IMPART TO THE COMPOUND THE PROPERTY OF ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION, thereby altering the shade of the dye, giving it the property of forming SALTS with another compound and ultimately RETAINING ITS COLOR

A

AUXOCHROME

40
Q

what 2 components must a chromogen have to be a dye?

A
  1. ACID
  2. BASE
41
Q

the coloring property is attributed to the ______ and the dyeing property to the salt forming __________

A

CHROMOPHORE; AUXOCHROME

42
Q

a process of SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF EXCESS DYE

A

DIFFERENTIATION

43
Q

CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS:

act by COMBINING WITH THE METAL thus breaking the latter’s union with the tissue or cell components

A

ACID DIFFERENTIATOR

44
Q

CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS:

act by OXIDIZING THE DYE TO A COLORLESS SUBSTANCE

A

OXIDIZING DIFFERENTIATOR

45
Q

CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS:

when a section that has been stained by a MORDANT DYE is placed in a solution of mordant, the latter is present in great excess and the dye gradually leaves the tissue to combnie with the free mordant in solution

A

MORDANT DIFFERENTIATOR

46
Q

CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS:

examples: HCl, HAc

A

ACID DIFFERENTIATOR

47
Q

CLASS OF DIFFERENTIATORS:

examples: POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE, POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE

A

OXIDIZING DIFFERENTIATOR

48
Q

a natural dye extracted from the core of heartwood of the tree Hematoxylon campechianum

A

HEMATOXYLIN

49
Q

usually done by exposing the substance to AIR and SUNLIGHT, thereby oxidizing hematoxylin

A

RIPENING

50
Q

a RED ACID DYE used for staining cytoplasm differentially

A

EOSIN

51
Q

dye commonly used as a background or contrast stain because it gives a pleasing and useful contrast to nuclear stains such as hematoxylin

A

EOSIN

52
Q

EOSIN TYPES:

most commonly used

A

EOSIN Y

53
Q

EOSIN TYPES:

has a DEEPER RED COLOR; RARELY USED

A

EOSIN B

54
Q

EOSIN TYPES:

eosin alcohol-soluble; RARELY USED

A

EOSIN S

55
Q

what substance will make eosin staining more intense and selective?

A

GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

56
Q

what step is omitted in the MODIFIED H and E TECHNIQUE?

A

DIFFERENTIATION

57
Q

what form of staining does MODIFIED H and E TECHNIQUE use?

A

PROGRESSIVE STAINING

PROGRESSIVE na siya kay namodify na siya 🤩

PSALM GIRLS: HISTOPATHOLOGY (11 decks)

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