Trematodes (flukes) Flashcards
Trematodes:
-AKA
Flukes
What are the Trematodes species (6)
- Fasciolopsis buski
- Fasciola hepatica
- Clonorchis sinensis
- Opisthorchis spp.
- Paragonimus westermani
- Schistosoma spp.
Fasciolopsis buski (intestinal fluke):
- Transmission
- Geography
- Infection site
- Freshwater plants (Water Chestnuts)
- Asia/India
- Duodenum
Fasciolopsis buski (intestinal fluke) - Diagnosis: -Adult morphology
Point, but not conical, cephalad
Fasciolopsis buski (intestinal fluke) - Egg Diagnosis:
- Size
- Shape
- Features (2)
*Identical to what other fluke?
- 100-150 um
- Oval
- Unshouldered operculum
- Abopercular knob
*Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke)
Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke):
- Transmission
- Geography
- Infection site (2)
- Freshwater pants (Water Cress)
- Asia/Middle East
- Bile ducts/Hepatic parenchyma
Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke): -Complication
Fibrosis/Cirrhosis
Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) - Diagnosis: -Adult morphology
Cephalic cone
Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke):
- Size
- Shape
- Features (2)
*Identical to what other fluke?
- 100-150 um
- Oval
- Unshouldered operculum
- Abopercular knob
*Fasciolopsis buski (intestinal fluke)
Clonorchis sinesis/Opisthorchis spp. (liver fluke):
- Transmission
- Geography
- Freshwater fish
- Asia
Clonorchis sinesis/Opisthorchis spp. (liver fluke):
-Infection (3)
Chronic Biliary infection
- Biliary fibrosis
- Cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinesis/Opisthorchis spp. (liver fluke) - Diagnosis:
-Adult morphology
Snoutlike cephalad
Clonorchis sinesis/Opisthorchis spp. (liver fluke) - Egg Diagnosis:
- Size
- Shape
- Feature (2)
- 30 um
- Oval
- Shouldered operculum
- Small Abopercular knob
Paragonimus westermani:
-AKA
Oriental lung fluke
Paragonimus westermani:
-Transmission
Crustaceans (undercooked)
Paragonimus westermani:
-Infection
Lung infection with pneumonitis
Paragonimus westermani - Egg Diagnosis:
- Sample type (2)
- Size
- Shape
- Feature
Sputum/Stool
- 90 um
- Oval
- Shouldered operculum
Operculated Eggs - Differential Dx:
-Organisms (5)
- Clonorchis sinensis
- Diphyllobothrium latum
- Paragonimus westermani
- Fasciola Hepatica
- Fasciolopsis buski
Operculated Eggs - Differential Dx - Size:
- Clonorchis sinensis
- Diphyllobothrium latum
- Paragonimus westermani
- Fasciola Hepatica/Fasciolopsis buski
- Clonorchis sinensis (30 um)
- Diphyllobothrium latum (60 um)
- Paragonimus westermani (90 um)
- Fasciola Hepatica/Fasciolopsis buski (120 um)
Operculated Eggs - Differential Dx:
-Shoulder (+) (2)
- Clonorchis sinensis
- Paragonimus westermani
Schistosomiasis:
-AKA (2)
- Bilharziasis
- Blood flukes
Schistosomiasis:
-Transmission
Snail infested water
Schistosomiasis:
-Life cycle (5)
- Skin penetration via Fork Tailed Cercariae
- Migrate through bloodstream
- Mesenteric/Pelvic blood vessels
- Releases eggs in bloodstream
- Eggs lodge in small capillaries
Schistosomiasis:
-Where may eggs be found? (2)
- Stool
- Urine
*Eggs may penetrate bowel or bladder wall
Schistosomiasis - Clinical Stages:
-Acute
Circulating Immune Complexes
-Katayama fever
Schistosomiasis - Clinical Stages:
-Chronic
Reflects local tissue reaction to eggs
Schistosoma species. (4)
- S. mansoni
- S. japonicum
- S. haematobium
- S. intercalatum
Schistosoma mansoni:
- Infection sites (2)
- Complications (3)
- Eggs found
- Hepatic portal/Inferior mesenteric
- Portal fibrosis, cirrhosis, colitis
- Rectal biopsies
Schistosoma japonicum:
- Infection site
- Complication
*Rare infections involve what?
Liver
-Cirrhosis
*Rarely affects CNS
Schistosoma haematobium:
- Infection site
- Complications (3)
- Eggs found (2)
Bladder (Venous Plexus)
- Hematuria/Irritation
- SCC of bladder
- Urine or bladder biopsies
Schistosoma intercalatum closely resembles what?
-Produces what symptoms
S. haematobium
-Intestinal schistosomaisis
Schistosoma spp. - Diagnosis - General Egg:
- Size
- Feature
75-150 um
-Single spine
Schistosoma spp. - Diagnostic Feature:
- S. mansoni
- S. japonicum
- S. haematobium
S. mansoni
-Lateral spine
S. japonicum
-Small, knoblike spine
S. haematobium
-Terminal spine
