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Boards.CP.Micro > Nematodes - Intestinal > Flashcards

Nematodes - Intestinal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Intestinal Nematodes? (6)

A
  • Enterobius Vermicularis
  • Trichuris trichiura
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Necator americanus
  • Ancylostoma duodenale
  • Strongyloides stercoralis
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2
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis:

-AKA

A

PInworm (oxyuriasis)

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3
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis - Adult Morphology:

  • Sex
  • Shape
  • Cross-section
A

Female

  • Slightly bent/pointed (pinlike) tail
  • Lateral alae (characteristic)
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4
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis - Egg:
-Morphology (3)

*Identification

A
  • 30-50 um
  • Thin-walled
  • 1 flattened side

*Cellophane tape test (NOT seen in stool)

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5
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis:

  • Transmission
  • Symptoms
  • Complication
A
  • Ingestions of Eggs
  • Anal pruritis, vaginitis, and/or enuresis (urinary incontinence)
  • Appendicitis
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6
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis:

-Adult female life

A
  • Inhabit Cecum/Appendix

- Lay eggs in perianal region (nocturnally)

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7
Q

What is the most common helminthic infection in American Children?

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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8
Q

Trichuris trichiura:

-AKA

A

Whipworm

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9
Q

Trichuris trichiura - Adult worm:

-Morphology (2)

A
  • up to 5 cm

- Whiplike anterior end

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10
Q

Trichuris trichiura - Egg:

-Morphology (4)

A
  • 50x25 um
  • Brownish Thick shells
  • Barrel-Shaped
  • Bilateral Polar Plugs
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11
Q

Trichuris trichiura:

  • Infection sxs
  • Complication
A
  • Asymptomatic to Dysentery-like

- Rectal prolapse in young children

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12
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides:

-AKA

A

Roundworm

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13
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides - Adult worm:

-Morphology

A

Largest nematode

-up to 35 cm

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14
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides - Eggs:

-Morphology (4)

A
  • 60 um
  • Bile-stained
  • Thick Hyaline shell
  • Rough mammillated surface
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15
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides - Life cycle in humans. (6)

A
  1. Ingestion of eggs
  2. Hatch to produce larvae
  3. Larvae enter bloodstream
  4. Lungs (Loeffler syndrome)
  5. Cough, swallow
  6. Adults infect Duodenum
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16
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides:

  • Symptoms
  • Complications
A

Asymptomatic

  • Bowel obstruction
  • Cholangitis
  • Appendicitis
17
Q

Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale:

-AKA

A

Hookworms

18
Q

Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale:

  • Adult size
  • Differing features (Mouth Parts)
A

-1 cm in length

Necator americanus:
-Cutting plates

Ancylostoma duodenale:
-“Teeth”

19
Q

Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale:

-Eggs (2)

A
  • Thin, translucent wall
  • Morula-like cluster of spherical embryos

*Indistinguishable

20
Q

Where is N. americanus found?

A

Southeastern US

*A. duodenale NOT found in US

21
Q

Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale:

-Life Cycle (3)

A
  • Larvae penetrate skin (feet)
  • Lungs (cough/swallow)
  • Adults infest Small bowel
22
Q

Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale:

-Symptoms (3)

A
  • Pruritic lesion (ground itch)
  • Loeffler syndrome
  • Iron deficiency anemia
23
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis:

-AKA

A

Thread worm

24
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis - Adult worm:

  • Sex
  • Size
  • Location
A
  • Female
  • 3 mm
  • Intestinal crypts
25
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis egg is identical to what other nematode?
-Stool (+/-)

A 
Hookworm egg (N. americanus/A. duodenale)
-Not typically found in stool
26
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis - Eggs hatch in ____ and feces contain _____.

A
  • Hatch in bowel

- Rhabditoid larvae in stool

27
Q

How do you distinguish Strongyloides stercoralis larvae from hookworm larvae? (2)

A

Strongyloides stercoralis:

  • Shorter buccal groove
  • Prominent genital primordium
28
Q

Where is Strongyloides stercoralis typically found? (3)

A
  • Southeastern US
  • Tropics
  • Subtropics
29
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis:

-Life cycle (4)

A

Similar to hookworms.

  1. Penetrate skin
  2. Migrate through lungs
  3. Cough/Swallow
  4. Duodenal infection
30
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis:

-Complication in malnourished host

A

Autoinfection

-larvae may penetrate bowel wall, circulating through the lungs and reinfecting the duodenum

31
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis:

-Complication in immunocompromised host

A

Autoinfection/Hyperinfection

-Disseminated larvae-Deadly

Boards.CP.Micro (28 decks)

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