Protozoa: Flagellates Flashcards
What organisms make up the Flagellates (Mastigophora)? (7)
- Giardia
- Dientamoeba fragilis
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Leishmania spp.
- Trypanosoma spp.
Giardia intestinalis - Trophozoites:
- Size
- Seen in what specimens
- 10-20 um in length
- Stool specimens
- Small bowel bx
Giardia intestinalis - Trophozoites:
- Morphology (2)
- Flagella
- Motility
- Kite-shaped w/ central axoneme (top)
- Comma-shaped (side)
- Flagella not easily seen
- Falling leaf motility (wet specimens)
Giardia intestinalis is similar in appearance to what nonpathogenic flagellate?
- Lacks what feature
- Motility
- Cyst features
Chilomastix mesnili
- Lacks central axoneme
- Rotary motion
- Cyst is Lemon-shaped w/ single nucleus
Giardia intestinalis - Cysts:
- Size
- Shape
- Feature
- 10-14 um
- Oval
- 4 nuclei located along central axoneme
Giardia intestinalis:
- Preferred method of Dx
- Causes
- Distribution
- Locations (3)
- EIA
- MC of protozoal gastroenteritis
- Worldwide distribution
- Daycare centers
- Ski Resorts
- Backcountry hiking
Dientamoeba fragilis - Trophozoites:
- Shape
- Nuclei (2)
- Flagella
- Round
- Binucleate
- Nuclei w/ “fractured” (fragile) central karyosome
- Internalized flagellum
Dientamoeba fragilis:
- Distribution
- Symptoms (2)
- Worldwide distribution
- Diarrhea
- Anal pruritis
Dientamoeba fragilis:
-Commonly coinfections with what?
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Trichomonas vaginalis:
- Transmission
- Motility
- Sexual transmission
- Jerky, nondirectional motility
Trichomonas vaginalis - Trophozoites:
- Shape
- Nucleus
- Membrane
- Pear-shaped
- Large nucleus at anterior end of central axostyle
- Undulating membrane that extends 1/2 down organism
Leishmania spp.:
- Best method of Dx
- Culture medium
- Tissue biopsy
- Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium
Leishmania spp. - Amastigotes:
- Size
- Location
- 2-5 um
- Within Histiocytes
Leishmania spp. - Amastigotes:
- Shape
- Nucleus/kinetoplast
- Oval-shaped
- Small nucleus adjacent to Rod-Shaped Kinetoplast
Leishmania spp.:
-Transmission
Sandfly (Phlebotomus/Lutzomyia genera)
Leishmania spp. - Mucocutanous
- Organism
- Location
- Behavior
L. braziliensis complex
- Oral/Nasal mucosa
- Persitent/Highly destructive
Leishmania spp. - Visceral (kala azar)
- Organism
- Location (2)
L. donovani
- Hepatosplenic infection
- Bone Marrow infection
Trypanosoma spp.:
- What form can be seen in p. smear (what phase)
- What helps ID in p. smear?
Trypomastigotes in acute phase
-Buffy coat exam
Trypanosoma spp. - T. cruzi Vs. T. brucei:
-what is the most important feature for differentiating the two?
Size of kinetoplast
- T. cruzi: Large
- T. brucei: small
Trypanosoma spp. - T. cruzi:
- Size
- Shape
- Kinetoplast
- 20 um
- C-shaped
- Large, posterior kinetoplast
Trypanosoma spp. - T. brucei:
- Size
- Shape
- Kinetoplast
- 30um
- Delicately Curved
- Small, posterior kinetoplast
Trypanosoma spp.:
- Location in chronic phase
- Culture medium
- Serology?
Heart or other affected organ
- Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium
- Serology can be used for Dx
Trypanosoma spp. - T. cruzi associated Disease:
-Affects what organs (2)
Chagas disease
- Distal Esophagus - Muscularis (Achalasia)
- Myocardium*
*Leading cause of Heart failure in South/Central America
Trypanosoma spp. - T. cruzi:
- Transmission
- Inoculation site
- Characteristic Sign
- Reduviid (Kissing) bug*
- Face
- Romana sign (palpebral and periocular swelling)
*May be transmitted from mother to child, ingestion, transfusion
Trypanosoma spp. - T. brucei associated Disease
-Transmission
African Sleeping Sickness
-Tsetse fly (Glossina)
These spore forming unicellular organisms are now thought to be a fungi and not Ciliates/Protozoans.
Microspora (Microsporidia)
Microsporidia - Intestinal/Hepatobiliary:
-species (1)
Enterocytozoon binueusi
Microsporidia - Ocular:
-Species (1)
Encephalitozoon hellem
Microsporidia - Intestinal/Disseminated:
-Species
Encephalitozoon intestinalis
Microsporidia - Diagnosis methods. (3)
- Small bowel bx
- Stool sample
- PCR
Microsporidia - Small Biopsy Bx.
Numerous Oval Intracellular organisms:
-Apical aspect of enterocytes
Microsporidia - Stool Sample.
- Size
- Stain
1-3 um spores
-Stain deep red w/ modified Trichrome stain
