Nematodes - Filarial, Zoonotic Flashcards
What are the two groups of Filarial nematodes?
- Found in Blood
- NOT found in blood
What microfilaria are found in blood? (4)
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Brugia malayi
- Loa loa
- Mansonella perstans
What microfilaria are NOT found in blood? (2)
- Onchocerca volvulus
- Dirofilaria immitis (Dog Heartworm)
Which Microfilaria found in blood does not have a sheath?
Mansonella perstans
Which Microfilaria found in blood infect the lymphatics and cause elephantiasis?
- W. bancrofti
- B. malayi
Wucherieria bancrofti:
-Tail nuclei
NONE
Brugia malayi:
-Tail nuclei
2 discontinuous
Loa Loa:
-Tail nuclei
Continuous row
Mansonella perstans:
-Tail nuclei
Continuous row
Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi:
-Transmission
Mosquitos
Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi:
-When do they shed into blood?
*when is the highest likelihood of detection
Primarily at night (Nocturnal periodicity)
*10 pm - 2 am
Loa loa:
-Transmission
Mango fly (Chrysops)
Loa loa:
- Infection Sxs (2)
- Periodicity
Migrate through SubQ and Conjunctiva
-Transient Migratory edema (calabar swellings)
Diurnal periodicity
Mansonella perstans:
- Transmission
- Habitat
Biting Midge (Culicoides) -Inhabits Body Cavities
Onchocerca volvulus:
-Transmission
Simulium Black Fly
Onchocerca volvulus:
-Life cycle in humans (3)
- Adults ball up in a subcutaneous nodule (Onchocercoma)
- Release microfilariae into surrounding skin
- Microfilariae migrate through the skin and eye
Onchocerca volvulus:
-Leading cause of what?
Blindness (river blindness)
-Leading cause in Central Africa and Central America
Onchocerca volvulus:
-Diagnosis
Larvae in skin snips
Dirofilaria immitis:
- AKA
- Transmission
Dog Heartworm
-Mosquito
Dirofilaria immitis:
-Presentation
Subcutaneous or Pulmonary Granulomas
-Surrounding a degenerating worm
What organisms make up the Zoonotic nematodes? (4)
- Trichinella spiralis
- Toxocara canis
- Toxocara cati
- Anisakis
Trichinella spiralis:
-Transmission
Undercooked meat
- Pork
- Wild game
Trichinella spiralis:
-Infection
Skeletal muscle - Encysted larvae
- Myositis
- Weakness
Trichinella spiralis:
-Diagnosis (2)
- Serology
- Skeletal muscle bx
Toxocara canis/cati:
-Causes what (2)
- Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM)
- Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM)
*Organism wanders throughout various organs
Toxocara canis/cati:
-Triad
- Hypereosinophilia
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Pneumonitis
Anisakis:
-Transmission
Fish (Raw/Undercooked)
Anisakis:
-Biopsy finding
Eosinophil rich granuloma containing Nematode
