Nematodes - Filarial, Zoonotic

Question 1

What are the two groups of Filarial nematodes?

Answer 1

• Found in Blood

- NOT found in blood

Question 2

What microfilaria are found in blood? (4)

Answer 2

• Wuchereria bancrofti
• Brugia malayi
• Loa loa
• Mansonella perstans

Question 3

What microfilaria are NOT found in blood? (2)

Answer 3

• Onchocerca volvulus

- Dirofilaria immitis (Dog Heartworm)

Question 4

Which Microfilaria found in blood does not have a sheath?

Answer 4

Mansonella perstans

Question 5

Which Microfilaria found in blood infect the lymphatics and cause elephantiasis?

Answer 5

• W. bancrofti

- B. malayi

Question 6

Wucherieria bancrofti:

-Tail nuclei

Answer 6

NONE

Question 7

Brugia malayi:

-Tail nuclei

Answer 7

2 discontinuous

Question 8

Loa Loa:

-Tail nuclei

Answer 8

Continuous row

Question 9

Mansonella perstans:

-Tail nuclei

Answer 9

Continuous row

Question 10

Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi:

-Transmission

Answer 10

Mosquitos

Question 11

Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi:
-When do they shed into blood?

*when is the highest likelihood of detection

Answer 11

Primarily at night (Nocturnal periodicity)

*10 pm - 2 am

Question 12

Loa loa:

-Transmission

Answer 12

Mango fly (Chrysops)

Question 13

Loa loa:

• Infection Sxs (2)
• Periodicity

Answer 13

Migrate through SubQ and Conjunctiva
-Transient Migratory edema (calabar swellings)

Diurnal periodicity

Question 14

Mansonella perstans:

• Transmission
• Habitat

Answer 14

Biting Midge (Culicoides)
-Inhabits Body Cavities

Question 15

Onchocerca volvulus:

-Transmission

Answer 15

Simulium Black Fly

Question 16

Onchocerca volvulus:

-Life cycle in humans (3)

Answer 16

• Adults ball up in a subcutaneous nodule (Onchocercoma)
• Release microfilariae into surrounding skin
• Microfilariae migrate through the skin and eye

Question 17

Onchocerca volvulus:

-Leading cause of what?

Answer 17

Blindness (river blindness)

-Leading cause in Central Africa and Central America

Question 18

Onchocerca volvulus:

-Diagnosis

Answer 18

Larvae in skin snips

Question 19

Dirofilaria immitis:

• AKA
• Transmission

Answer 19

Dog Heartworm

-Mosquito

Question 20

Dirofilaria immitis:

-Presentation

Answer 20

Subcutaneous or Pulmonary Granulomas

-Surrounding a degenerating worm

Question 21

What organisms make up the Zoonotic nematodes? (4)

Answer 21

• Trichinella spiralis
• Toxocara canis
• Toxocara cati
• Anisakis

Question 22

Trichinella spiralis:

-Transmission

Answer 22

Undercooked meat

• Pork
• Wild game

Question 23

Trichinella spiralis:

-Infection

Answer 23

Skeletal muscle - Encysted larvae

• Myositis
• Weakness

Question 24

Trichinella spiralis:

-Diagnosis (2)

Answer 24

• Serology

- Skeletal muscle bx

Question 25

Toxocara canis/cati: | -Causes what (2)

Answer 25

- Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM) - Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM) *Organism wanders throughout various organs

Question 26

Toxocara canis/cati: | -Triad

Answer 26

- Hypereosinophilia - Hepatosplenomegaly - Pneumonitis

Question 27

Anisakis: | -Transmission

Answer 27

Fish (Raw/Undercooked)

Question 28

Anisakis: | -Biopsy finding

Answer 28

Eosinophil rich granuloma containing Nematode