Pneumonia,Endocarditis Flashcards
-Pneumonia -Endocarditis
MCC of community acquired pneumonia.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)
S.pneumoniae features. (3)
- Lobar pneumonia
- Bacteremia
- Pharyngeal colonization (5-10% of Adults)
Major cause of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia.
S. aureus
S. aureas pneumonia:
-Gross feature
Necrotizing pneumonia with cavitation
Organism that causes Bronchopneumonia (especially in COPD patients).
Haemophilus influenzae
most isolates are nontypeable strains
2 organisms associated with Acute Exacerbation of COPD.
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
Organism ass. w/ exposure to aeroslized particles (construction associated dust, hot tub, cooling systems).
Legionella pneumophila
Features of Legionnaires’ disease. (5)
- Atypical pneumonia w/ HIGH Fever
- Hyponatremia
- Renal dysfunction
- Diarrhea
- CNS effects
Features of Pontiac Fever:
flulike illness without pneumonia
Pneumonia - Animal Exposure:
-Cattle, Cats
Coxiella burnetii
Pneumonia - Animal Exposure:
-Birds
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Histoplasma capsulatum (bats, pigeons)
Pneumonia - Animal Exposure:
-Mouse urine and feces
Hantavirus
Pneumonia - Animal Exposure:
-Rabbits
Francisella tularensis
Organisms in Brochiectasis/CF. (3)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Burkholderia cepacia
- S. aureus
Atypical (“walking”) pneumonia organisms. (2)
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Chlamydia pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia organisms. (5)
- Strep pneumo
- S. aureus
- H. influenzae
- Enterobacteriaceae
- P. aeruginosa
What syndrome/virus emerged in “4 corners” region of New Mexico?
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
-Sin Nombre virus
Hantavirus vector.
Deer mouse (sheds in urine and feces)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome:
- Clinical feature
- P.smear
-Flulike prodrome followed by ARDS
P.Smear:
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neutrophilia w/o toxic grans
- Erythrocytosis
- Immunoblastic lymphocytosis
MCC of croup.
Parainfluenza virus
MCC of bronchiolitis in children.
RSV
2nd MCC of bronchiolitis in children.
Human metapneumovirus
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS):
- Virus
- Geographic location
- Clinical feature
- SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
- Emerged in China
- Flulike prodrome followed by ARDS
MCC of native valve endocarditis.
S. aureus
usually affects Left-Sided valves
Which valve is infected in IV drug abusers?
Tricuspid (right-sided)
MCC of endocarditis in patient with underlying valvular damage.
Streptococci
-Viridans streptococci (particularly)
Organism ass. w/ endocarditis in patient with colorectal carcinoma.
Strep Bovis
Prosthetic valve endocarditis organisms.
- S. epidermidis (within 2 months to 1 yr)
- S. aureus (within 2 months to 1 yr)
- Gram Negative bacilli (within 2 months)
Noninfectious endocarditis. (3)
- Libman-Sacks
- Marantic (nonbacterial thrombotic)
- Carcinoid heart syndrome
Blood culture negative endocarditis (BCNE). (6)
- Coxiella burnetii
- Bartonella
- Chlamydia
- Legionella
- Tropheryma whipplei
- HACEK organisms
“HACEK” organisms.
- Haemophilus spp.
- Aggregatibacter spp.
- Cardiobacterium spp. (C. hominis, C. valvarum)
- Eikenella corrodens
- Kingella spp.
