Treatments Of CVD Flashcards
What’s the definition of validity?
The degree of a which a study/question are accurately reflects or assess the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure
How can CVD risks be reduced?
Maintaining resting blood pressure below 140/85mmHg
Controlling blood pressure - ace inhibitors, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers
Maintaining low cholesterol- statins
Lifestyle changes
Surgery - heart bypass, transplant, stent
How do you control blood pressure - ACE inhibitors - what do they do?
Inhibits the enzyme (angiotensin converting enzyme) that produces a hormone called angiotensin II
Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction (to maintain blood pressure)
How to control blood pressure - calcium channel blockers - what do they do?
Smooth muscle cells in artery wall contract when calcium ions enter the cell through calcium channels
How to control blood pressure - diuretics - what do they do?
They affect kidney function
Prevent water absorption back into the blood
A higher volume of urine is produced
How to reduce blood cholesterol - statins - what do they do?
Affect enzymes that are responsible for the production of LDL’s in the liver
Anticoagulants and platelet inhibitor drugs - what do they do and produce?
Aspirin makes platelets less sticky (platelet inhibitor)
Clopidogrel is also a platelet function inhibitor
Warfarin is an anticoagulant drug it disrupts production of vit K in body
Anticoagulant and platelet drug inhibitory treatment…
Platelet aggregation and clotting us reduce by these treatments
Aspirin reduces stickiness and likeliness of clotting
If someone’s allergic it’s ineffective
What do beta blockers do (not too important)
Release adrenaline and noradrenaline which are hormone that make the heart beat faster and harder
This causes heart to beat more slowly and with less force which decreases blood pressure
About the daphnia? What are they
Fresh a water fleas and have short jerky flea like movements whilst swimming
Used as a major food source for both young and adult freshwater fish.
Caffeine, what is it?
Produced by plant as a insecticide
Used as a flavour enhancer
Medicinal uses in aspirin
What equipment do you need to carry out this practical?
Daphnia
Pond water
Pipette
Open end pipette
Cotton wool
Microscope
Stopwatch
Clicker
Distilled water
Caffeine solution
Rounded bottom glass dish
Explain the procedure of the practical briefly…
Set up microscope and collect daphnia carefully using open end pipette
Place in glass dish with a few drops of pond water and allow to acclimatise
Place a few strands of cotton wool over the top and read it’s normal heart and record
Then place a few drops of caffeine solutions and allow to acclimatise
Record heart rate and put in table
Repeat 3 times at least and calculate and average for each
Every time more caffeine solution should be added as long as it does not harm the daphnia.
How do you carry out serial dilution?
