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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function/structure of lysosomes

A

Digest old and unused organelles. Membranous sacs

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2
Q

Structure and function of smooth endoplasmic recticulum

A

Network of membranes extending through the cytoplasm .Synthesis of lipids (SER) synthesis of proteins (RER) and packaging into vesicles.

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3
Q

Structure and function of cell wall.

A

Secreted by protoplast has primary and secondary layers. High tensile strength permeable to water

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4
Q

Structure and function of nuclear pore.

A

Gaps in nuclear membrane. Controls what can enter and leave the nucleus.

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5
Q

Structure and function of microtubules

A

Polymers of protein forming hollow tubes. Make up centrioles

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6
Q

Structure and function of vesicles.

A

Small spherical organelle bounded by single membrane. Store and transport substances around the cell.

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7
Q

Structure and function of chloroplast.

A

Contain chlorophyll and cartenoid pigments. Carry out photosynthesis.

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8
Q

Structure and fungi on of micro villi.

A

Form a fringe across the cell surface called a brush border. Increase cell surface up to 25x

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9
Q

Structure and function of ribosomes.

A

Very small organelle consists a of large and small subunit made of protein and RNA.

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10
Q

Structure and function of plasma membrane

A

Boundary of cell and cell organelles. Encloses cellular contents and regulates movement of materials in and out of cell.

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11
Q

Structure and function of centrioles

A

Hollie cylinders formed of microtubules. Form spindle fibres in cell division.

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12
Q

Structure and function of nucleolus.

A

Smaller structure found within nucleus. Location of ribosome synthesis

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13
Q

Structure and function of Golgi apparatus

A

Stacks of flattened membrane sacs. Modifies and packages proteins

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14
Q

Structure and function of mitochondria

A

Sac surrounded by envelope has a few ribosomes and circular piece of DNA. Site of most of the respirations of cellular reactions.

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15
Q

Structure and function of nuclear membrane

A

Membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Acts as a barrier between the nucleus and rest of cell.

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16
Q

Structure and function of nucleus

A

Large structure surrounded by double membrane and contains DNA. Info in DNA is transcribed in RNA synthesis, specifies cellular proteins.

17
Q

Definition of magnification
Definition of resolution

A

How many times bigger the image is compared to the object
The smallest distance between 2 points that can still be distinguishable.

18
Q

TEM microscope

A

Can see in 2d
Higher resolution
Can see internal structures of organelles
Electron goes through sample
Created image using transmitted electrons

19
Q

TEM microscope

A

Can see in 2d
Higher resolution
Can see internal structures of organelles
Electron goes through sample
Created image using transmitted electrons

20
Q

SEM microscope

A

Can see in 3d
Lower resolution
Reveals surface structure
Can be used on thick specimens
Creates an image by deflecting reflected electrons

21
Q

Light microscope

A

Advantages:
Cheaper to use and buy
View living specimens
Disadvantages:
Low magnification
Low resolution
Images in 2d
See limited number of organelles

22
Q

Electron microscope

A

Advantages:
More detailed organelle
3d image
Higher resolution
Higher magnification
Disadvantages:
More expensive
Require more space to store
Can’t look at living specimens

23
Q

Centimetre, millimetre, micrometer, nanometre

A

-> x10, x1000, x1000
<- /1000, /1000, /10

24
Q

What’s in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Flagellum
Pilli
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Plasma
Nucleoid
Slime capsule
Cell wall

25
Q

Definition of
Nucleoid
Plasmid
Pilli
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Flagellum
Slime capsule

A

Nucleoid-contains instructions for cells function
Plasmid-exchanged with other bacterial cells
Pilli-allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces
Ribosomes-site of protein synthesis
Cell membrane-controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm-location of chemical reactions
Cell wall-structure and support.contains murein
Flagellum-allows mobility of the cell
Slime capsule-prevents dehydration and can protect from external toxins

26
Q

Amoeba

A

Very basic single called organism

27
Q

What’s the function of Pilli?

A

Allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces

28
Q

What’s the function of cytoplasm?

A

Location of chemical reactions

29
Q

What’s the function of Nucleoid?

A

Contains instructions for the cells function

30
Q

What’s the function of ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis

31
Q

What’s the function of flagellum?

A

Allows mobility of the cell

32
Q

What’s the function of the plasmid?

A

Can be exchanged with other bacterial cells

33
Q

What’s the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

34
Q

What’s the function of the cell wall?

A

For structure and support. Contains meurin

35
Q

What’s the function of the capsule?

A

Prevents dehydration and can protect from external toxins

36
Q

What identifies and cell being prokaryotic and not eukaryotic?

A

It has no nucleus
It has DNA free floating in the cytoplasm

Biology (8 decks)

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