Cells Flashcards
What is the function/structure of lysosomes
Digest old and unused organelles. Membranous sacs
Structure and function of smooth endoplasmic recticulum
Network of membranes extending through the cytoplasm .Synthesis of lipids (SER) synthesis of proteins (RER) and packaging into vesicles.
Structure and function of cell wall.
Secreted by protoplast has primary and secondary layers. High tensile strength permeable to water
Structure and function of nuclear pore.
Gaps in nuclear membrane. Controls what can enter and leave the nucleus.
Structure and function of microtubules
Polymers of protein forming hollow tubes. Make up centrioles
Structure and function of vesicles.
Small spherical organelle bounded by single membrane. Store and transport substances around the cell.
Structure and function of chloroplast.
Contain chlorophyll and cartenoid pigments. Carry out photosynthesis.
Structure and fungi on of micro villi.
Form a fringe across the cell surface called a brush border. Increase cell surface up to 25x
Structure and function of ribosomes.
Very small organelle consists a of large and small subunit made of protein and RNA.
Structure and function of plasma membrane
Boundary of cell and cell organelles. Encloses cellular contents and regulates movement of materials in and out of cell.
Structure and function of centrioles
Hollie cylinders formed of microtubules. Form spindle fibres in cell division.
Structure and function of nucleolus.
Smaller structure found within nucleus. Location of ribosome synthesis
Structure and function of Golgi apparatus
Stacks of flattened membrane sacs. Modifies and packages proteins
Structure and function of mitochondria
Sac surrounded by envelope has a few ribosomes and circular piece of DNA. Site of most of the respirations of cellular reactions.
Structure and function of nuclear membrane
Membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Acts as a barrier between the nucleus and rest of cell.
Structure and function of nucleus
Large structure surrounded by double membrane and contains DNA. Info in DNA is transcribed in RNA synthesis, specifies cellular proteins.
Definition of magnification
Definition of resolution
How many times bigger the image is compared to the object
The smallest distance between 2 points that can still be distinguishable.
TEM microscope
Can see in 2d
Higher resolution
Can see internal structures of organelles
Electron goes through sample
Created image using transmitted electrons
TEM microscope
Can see in 2d
Higher resolution
Can see internal structures of organelles
Electron goes through sample
Created image using transmitted electrons
SEM microscope
Can see in 3d
Lower resolution
Reveals surface structure
Can be used on thick specimens
Creates an image by deflecting reflected electrons
Light microscope
Advantages:
Cheaper to use and buy
View living specimens
Disadvantages:
Low magnification
Low resolution
Images in 2d
See limited number of organelles
Electron microscope
Advantages:
More detailed organelle
3d image
Higher resolution
Higher magnification
Disadvantages:
More expensive
Require more space to store
Can’t look at living specimens
Centimetre, millimetre, micrometer, nanometre
-> x10, x1000, x1000
<- /1000, /1000, /10
What’s in a prokaryotic cell?
Flagellum
Pilli
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Plasma
Nucleoid
Slime capsule
Cell wall
Definition of
Nucleoid
Plasmid
Pilli
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Flagellum
Slime capsule
Nucleoid-contains instructions for cells function
Plasmid-exchanged with other bacterial cells
Pilli-allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces
Ribosomes-site of protein synthesis
Cell membrane-controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm-location of chemical reactions
Cell wall-structure and support.contains murein
Flagellum-allows mobility of the cell
Slime capsule-prevents dehydration and can protect from external toxins
Amoeba
Very basic single called organism
What’s the function of Pilli?
Allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces
What’s the function of cytoplasm?
Location of chemical reactions
What’s the function of Nucleoid?
Contains instructions for the cells function
What’s the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
What’s the function of flagellum?
Allows mobility of the cell
What’s the function of the plasmid?
Can be exchanged with other bacterial cells
What’s the function of the plasma membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
What’s the function of the cell wall?
For structure and support. Contains meurin
What’s the function of the capsule?
Prevents dehydration and can protect from external toxins
What identifies and cell being prokaryotic and not eukaryotic?
It has no nucleus
It has DNA free floating in the cytoplasm
