Lipids Flashcards
Name some examples of lipids…
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Vitamin a d e k
Hormones
Majority of cell membrane that’s not made up of protein
What are types of lipids with fatty acids?
Waxes
Fats and oils (triglycerides)
Phospholipids - similar to triglycerides but one fatty acid is replaced with a phosphate.
Sphingolipids
What’s a lipid without fatty acids?
Steroids
What are properties of lipids?
Made up of C H O
Insoluble in water
Good energy source
Poor conductors of heat
What are functions of lipids?
Protection of vital organs
Prevent evaporation in plants and animals
Insulate the body
They form a myelin sheath around some neurones
Water source
Component of cell membranes.
What bind do saturated fatty acids have?
C-C bonds
What bond does unsaturated fatty acids have?
One or more C=C bond
What are triglycerides made of?
1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids
What happens when the molecule of glycerol and fatty acids join together in a condensation reaction?
3 bonds are formed
What are the bonds called that are formed?
Ester bonds
How can ester bonds be broken down?
Hydrolysis
What type of reaction breaks a 1-4 glycosidic bond?
Hydrolysis
2 alpha glucose molecules are joined together to form
Maltose
Alpha glucose + fructose =
Sucrose
Beta glucose + galactose =
Lactose
Describe the structure of starch
Insoluble carb
Storage molecule in plants
Polysaccharide of alpha glucose
Amylose (1-4 glycosidic straight then spiralled)
Amylopectin (1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds, branched)
What’s the difference between a mono and poly unsaturated fat?
Mono= one double bond
Poly= many
Why are animal fats solid at room temperature?
The straight statuettes hydrocarbon chains pack closely so there are strong intermolecular bonds between them
Why are animal fats solid at room temperature?
The straight statuettes hydrocarbon chains pack closely so there are strong intermolecular bonds between them
Why do lipoproteins form?
Cholesterol is insoluble in water so it combines with proteins to form lipoproteins.
