Lipids

Question 1

Name some examples of lipids…

Answer 1

Fats
Oils
Waxes
Vitamin a d e k
Hormones
Majority of cell membrane that’s not made up of protein

Question 2

What are types of lipids with fatty acids?

Answer 2

Waxes
Fats and oils (triglycerides)
Phospholipids - similar to triglycerides but one fatty acid is replaced with a phosphate.
Sphingolipids

Question 3

What’s a lipid without fatty acids?

Answer 3

Steroids

Question 4

What are properties of lipids?

Answer 4

Made up of C H O
Insoluble in water
Good energy source
Poor conductors of heat

Question 5

What are functions of lipids?

Answer 5

Protection of vital organs
Prevent evaporation in plants and animals
Insulate the body
They form a myelin sheath around some neurones
Water source
Component of cell membranes.

Question 6

What bind do saturated fatty acids have?

Answer 6

C-C bonds

Question 7

What bond does unsaturated fatty acids have?

Answer 7

One or more C=C bond

Question 8

What are triglycerides made of?

Answer 8

1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

Question 9

What happens when the molecule of glycerol and fatty acids join together in a condensation reaction?

Answer 9

3 bonds are formed

Question 10

What are the bonds called that are formed?

Answer 10

Ester bonds

Question 11

How can ester bonds be broken down?

Answer 11

Hydrolysis

Question 12

What type of reaction breaks a 1-4 glycosidic bond?

Answer 12

Hydrolysis

Question 13

2 alpha glucose molecules are joined together to form

Answer 13

Maltose

Question 14

Alpha glucose + fructose =

Answer 14

Sucrose

Question 15

Beta glucose + galactose =

Answer 15

Lactose

Question 16

Describe the structure of starch

Answer 16

Insoluble carb
Storage molecule in plants
Polysaccharide of alpha glucose
Amylose (1-4 glycosidic straight then spiralled)
Amylopectin (1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds, branched)

Question 17

What’s the difference between a mono and poly unsaturated fat?

Answer 17

Mono= one double bond
Poly= many

Question 18

Why are animal fats solid at room temperature?

Answer 18

The straight statuettes hydrocarbon chains pack closely so there are strong intermolecular bonds between them

Question 19

Why are animal fats solid at room temperature?

Answer 19

The straight statuettes hydrocarbon chains pack closely so there are strong intermolecular bonds between them

Question 20

Why do lipoproteins form?

Answer 20

Cholesterol is insoluble in water so it combines with proteins to form lipoproteins.