Carbohydrates

Question 1

Key things about carbohydrates:

Answer 1

Important energy store for plants/animals
Large family of compounds containing carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Ratio = c:2H:o (1:2:1)
Types of carbohydrates are: sucrose glucose and starches

Question 2

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 3

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Simplest form on a carbohydrate

Question 4

What are polysaccharides?

Question 5

What are disaccharides?

Question 6

What are types of monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Fructose
Glucose
Galactose

Question 7

What’s the structure and function of fructose?

Answer 7

Sugar found naturally in fruit honey and some vegetables

Question 8

What’s the structure and function of glucose?

Answer 8

Monosaccharide
6 carbon compound
Provides energy and contributes to structure of different parts of a cell

Question 9

What’s the structure and function of galactose?

Answer 9

Mainly in our diet as a part of lactose disaccharide

Question 10

What type of reaction joins monosaccharides together and what is it?

Answer 10

Condensation reaction - bond is formed as a result of elimination of a water molecule.

2 glucose molecules joined by a glycosidic bond to make maltose.

Question 11

What are 2 types of disaccharides?

Answer 11

Sucrose
Maltose

Question 12

What’s the structure and function of sucrose?

Answer 12

• It’s monomers are glucose and fructose
• Form in which sugar can be transported around the plant.

Question 13

What’s the structure and function of maltose?

Answer 13

Monomers are 2x glucose.
2 glucose molecules. Produced when analyse breaks down starch.

Question 14

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 14

Can be composed of thousands of monosaccharides together. Via condensation reactions.

Question 15

What are 3 examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 15

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

Question 16

Whats polysaccharides functions?

Answer 16

Structural support and storage
Insoluble - have no osmotic effect

Question 17

What are features of storage polysaccharides?

Answer 17

Easily hydrolysed
Compact

Question 18

What’s amylose?

Answer 18

Made of ã glucose molecules
Joined together by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
300 glucose residues per molecule
Held in helical shape by hydrogen bonds
Form a complex with iodine

Question 19

What’s amylopectin?

Answer 19

Made of ã glucose residues
Joined together by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Several thousand glucose residues per molecule
Branches ever 20-30 residues
Branches formed by a 1-6 glycosidic bond

Question 20

Where’s glycogen found?

Answer 20

In cytoplasm of liver and muscle cells and bacteria

Question 21

How does glycogen differ from amylopectin?

Answer 21

More frequent - branching every 8-12 residues

Question 22

What’s glycogen stored as?

Answer 22

Granules

Question 23

What’s cellulose? What does is consist of and what bonds hold it together?

Answer 23

Dietary fibre and referred to as a non-starch polysaccharide
Consisted of ß glucose residues
Held together by a 1-4 glycosidic bond. Thousands of ß glucose residues
I’m straight chains
Chains held together by hydrogen bonds
Up to 2000 chains per microfibril

Question 24

Describe glucose structure?

Answer 24

Alpha glucose is an isomer of glucose that has -OH group present on the first carbon atom is on the same side as that of the CH2OH molecule group.
Beta glucose is an isomer of D-glucose in which the -OH group placed on the first carbon atom is placed on the opposite side of the CH2OH group.