TREATMENTS

Question 1

reasons people don’t seek out treatment

Answer 1

-may not realize they have a disorder that can be effectively treated
-personal beliefs and attitudes as barriers to treatment
-structural barriers

Question 2

Psychotherapies offered

Answer 2

Cognitive behvaioural 40%
Interpersonal 12%
Psychodynamic 13%
Other 10%
humanistic/ existential 15%
Family systems 10%

Question 3

types of psychotherapists

Answer 3

psychologists
psychiatrist
clinical or psychiatric social worker
clinical counsellor
CBT therapist

Question 4

Psychologist

Answer 4

Usually UG + MSc + PhD = 10 years
Or 6-8 UK, PsyD training funded by NHS for EU nationals

Question 5

Psychiatrist

Answer 5

Usually UG + medical school+ psychiatric speacialization = 12 years CAN (or 5-8 UK)

Question 6

Clinical or psychiatric social worker

Answer 6

Usually UG + MSc = 6 -7 years

Question 7

clinical counsellor

Answer 7

Usually UG + MSc = 6 years

Question 8

CBT therapist (UK)

Answer 8

Usually UG + PWP/low-?high-intensity training= 1-5 yars (funded for EU nationals)

Question 9

broad categories of treatment

Answer 9

psychological - therapist, change clients’ thoughts and behaviour
biological- drugs, surgery, direct intervention

Question 10

psychological treatments

Answer 10

psychotherapy
eclectic therapy
psychodynamic psychotherapies
humanistic and existential therapies

Question 11

psychotherapy

Answer 11

A process whereby psychological problems are treated through communication and relationship factors between an individual and a trained mental health professional
Modern psychotherapy is time-limited, and focused; usually occurs for 1 hr 1x/week (for 12-18 sessions)
Goal: provide support or relief from the problem

Question 12

eclectic psychotherapy

Answer 12

Involves drawing on techniques from different therapies
Therapy form depends on the client and the problem
Not much research on it helping or being proper treatment

Question 13

Psychodynamic psychotherapies:

Answer 13

sigmund forid- explore childhood events and encourage clients to use this understanding to develop insight into their psychological problems

eg- psychoanalysis and interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 14

psychoanalysis

Answer 14

goal: to understand the unconscious through developing insight
Psychoanalysis assumes that humans are born with aggressive and sexual urges that are repressed during childhood by the use of defense mechanisms
Uses free association (laying on couch speaking freely); dream analysis, interpretation, analysis of resistance (dissagreeing with the therapy)
Not a lot of research supporting
Analysis of resistance can be negative- stop taking treatment, mental breakdown

Question 15

interpersoanl psychotherapy

Answer 15

(helps clients improve current relationships)
More research to support this, it works more so

Question 16

Humanistic and existential therapies:

Answer 16

address interpersonal relationships as barriers to reaching one’s potential
eg: a person centered theory and gestalt therapy

Question 17

person centered therapy

Answer 17

(growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist)
Unconditional acceptance and empathy

Question 18

gestalt therapy

Answer 18

help clien become aware of and take responsibility for thoughts, behaviours, experiences and feelings)
Using focusing- “how do you feel when”-

Question 19

CBT

Answer 19

Offer solutions to help change the immediate circumstances with lasting effects (unlike medications), learned adaptive stratagies and ways of thinking

Question 20

Behaviour therapy

Answer 20

relies on principles of learning to change maladaptive behaviours
Focuses on observable problems (ie overt behaviours) for which success of outcomes can also be observed
Learning principles: operant conditioning and classical conditioning
Operant conditioning used rewards and punishment to strengthen/weaken behaviours
Classical conditioning relies on associations that are made when pairing 2 stimuli

Question 21

Cognitive therapy

Answer 21

works to help identify and disordered thinking patterns

Question 22

behavioural therapy

Answer 22

eliminating unwanted behaviour
- operant conditioning
-negative punishment
promoting desired behaviour
- token economy
reducing unwanted emotional responses
- exposure therapy classical conditioning

Question 23

exposure therapy

Answer 23

By staying in a anxiety inducing situations without escaping will lead to the level of anxiety to slowing decrease, as opposed to escaping for the stimuli and repeating the process of anxiety increasing and subsiding thorugh escape
Reason for anxiety dissipating is that the body cant sustain an extended period of hightened fear
Relies on the learning process called habituation and extinction
Uses an exposure hierarchy
Systematic desensitization
Exposure and response prevention: eg. used for OCD

Question 24

Cognitive therapy

Answer 24

involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking patterns about the self, other, or the world
Interpretations of events are key, eg: learning pathways to fear onset
Cognitive restructuring therapeutic strategy for questioning automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs
eg. theory A/ theory B
Different perspectives

Question 25

CBT includes…

Answer 25

Blend of congitive and behavioural therapeutic strategies
Problem focuses
Action oriented
Agreed goals
Therapist acts like a guide; 2 experts - therapist and client on their own history and experiences
Encourages transparency between therapist and client
Lots of research evidence for its efficiency
Leading treatment for many disorders
Eg. MDD, GAD, panic, social anxiety, PTSD

Question 26

Arron beck

Answer 26

thoughts lead us to feel things, feelings create our behaviour and our behaviour reinforces our thoughts (CBT breaks this cycle)