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PSYC 102 > CHAPTER 13 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 13 Flashcards

1
Q

social psychology

A

is the study of the causes and consequences of sociality
interpersonal behaviour and interpersonal attraction

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2
Q

aggression

A

behaviour whose purpose is to harm another

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3
Q

frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

suggests that animals aggress when their goals are frustrated

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4
Q

proactive aggression

A

aggression that is planned and purposeful

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5
Q

reactive aggression

A

aggression that occurs spontaneously in response to a negative affective state

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6
Q

cooperation

A

behaviour by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit

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7
Q

why is cooperation risky

A

prisoner’s dilemma, is dependent on both parities being cooperative then both would get the benefit

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8
Q

group

A

a collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others

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9
Q

prejudice

A

an evaluation of another person based solely on his or her group membership

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10
Q

common knowledge effect

A

the tendency for group discussion to focus on information that all members share

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11
Q

group polarization

A

the tendency fro groups to make decisions that are more extreme than any member would have made alone

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12
Q

groupthink

A

tendency for groups to reach a consensus in order to facilitate interpersonal harmony

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13
Q

deindividuation

A

when immersion in a group causes people to become less concerned with their personal values

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14
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

the tendency of individuals to feel diminished responsibility of other actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way

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15
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency of people to expend less effort when they are in a group than when they are alone

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16
Q

bystander intervention

A

the act of helping strangers in an emergency situation

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17
Q

altruism

A

intentional behaviour that benefits another at a potential cost to oneself

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18
Q

kin selection

A

the process by which evolution selects individuals who cooperate with their relatives

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19
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

behaviour that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future

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20
Q

standards of beauty

A

body shape - male triangle, female: hourglass
symmetry - bilaterally
age- large eyes, high eyebrows and small chin - female: young, male- mature

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21
Q

homophily

A

the tendency for people to like others who are similar to themselves

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22
Q

passionate love

A

an experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy and intense sexual attraction

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23
Q

companionate love

A

experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner’s well-being

24
Q

comparison level of alternatives

A

the cost-benefit ratio that a person believes he or she could attain in another relationship

25
Q

equity

A

a state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of two partners are roughly equally favourable

26
Q

social cognition

A

the process by which people come to understand others

27
Q

category- based inferences

A

inferences based on information about the categories to which a person belongs

28
Q

target- based inferences

A

inferences based on information about an individual’s behaviour

29
Q

stereotyping

A

the process of drawing inferences about individuals based on their category membership

30
Q

stereotype content

A

based on warmth and competence

31
Q

categorization leads to …

A

reduced perceived variability

32
Q

behavioural confirmation

A

self fulfilling prophecy
the tendency of targets to behave as observers expect them to behave

33
Q

stereotype threat

A

the target’s fear of confirming the observer’s negative stereotypes

34
Q

perceptual confirmation

A

the tendency of observers to see what they expect to see

35
Q

subtyping

A

the tendency of observers to think of targets who disconfirm stereotypes as “exceptions to the rule”

36
Q

attributions

A

inferences about the causes of people’s behaviours

37
Q

situational attributions

A

person’s behaviour was caused by some temporary aspect of the situation in which it happened

38
Q

dispositional attributions

A

a person’s behaviour was caused by a relatively enduring tendency to think, feel, or act in a particular way

39
Q

correspondence bias

A

the tendency to make a dispositional attribution when we should instead make a situational attribution

40
Q

actor-observer effect

A

tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviours while making dispositional attributions for the identical behaviour of others

41
Q

social influence

A

the ability to change or direct another person’s behaviour

42
Q

overjustification effect

A

when a reward decreases a person’s intrinsic motivation to perform a behaviour, less intrinsic motivation (lack of internal reward)

43
Q

reactance

A

the unpleasant feeling that arises when people feel they are being coerced, often people do the opposite thing

44
Q

norms

A

customary standards for behaviour that are widely shared by members of a culture

45
Q

norm of reciprocity

A

an unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them

46
Q

normative influence

A

another person’s behaviour provides information about what is appropriate- baby looking at mothers reaction

47
Q

door in the face technique

A

an influence strategy that involves getting someone to accept a small request by first getting them to refuse a large request. (I’m pregnant… sike, just a bad grade)

48
Q

conformity

A

the tendency to do what others do, and it results in part from normative influence.

49
Q

obedience

A

tendency to do what authorities tell us to do

50
Q

attitude

A

an enduring positive or negative evaluation of a stimulus

51
Q

belief

A

an enduring piece of knowledge about a stimulus

52
Q

informational influence

A

another person’s behaviour provides information about what is good or true- a group of people looking up after on person starts

53
Q

persuasion

A

a person’s attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person

54
Q

systematic persuasion

A

the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason,
logic and reason

55
Q

heuristic persuasion

A

the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion
habit and emotion

56
Q

foot-in-the-door technique

A

smaller request followed by a larger one

57
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs

PSYC 102 (17 decks)

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