CHAPTER 8 Flashcards
emotion
a temporary state that includes unique subjective experiences and physiological activity, and that prepares people for action.
dimension of emotion
arousal and valence
appraisal
conscious or unconscious evaluations and interpretations of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus or event
action tendencies
a readiness to engage in a specific set of emotion-relevant behaviours
James- Lange theory of emotion
feelings are simply the perception of one’s own physiological responses to a stimulus
different stimuli= triggers different psychological responses that ar then experiences as emotions
two factor theory
ifferent stimuli trigger the same general physiological response, which is interpreted or “labelled” differently under different circumstances.
pathways of fear
stimulus- thalamus- cortex- amygdala- experience of fear
stimulus- thalamus- amygdala- experience of fear
emotional expression
an observable sign of an emotional state,
universality hypothesis
all emotional expressions mean the same thing to all people in all places at all times.
facial feedback hypothesis
suggests that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they typically signify.
display rule
a norm for the appropriate expression of emotion
- intensification= exaggerating
-intensification = muting expression
-masking= expressing one while feeling another one
- neutralizing= no expression
motivation
the internal causes of purposeful behaviour
homeostasis
he tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in equilibrium,
drive reduction theory
the primary motivation of all organisms is to reduce their drives.
hedonic principle
people are primarily motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain,
emotion regulation
the strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience
reappraisal
hanging one’s emotional experience by changing the way one thinks about the emotion-eliciting stimulus
maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization needs at the
binge eating disorders (BED)
an eating disorder characterized by recurrent and uncontrolled episodes of consuming a large number of calories in a short time
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by compensatory behaviour.
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of being overweight and a severe restriction of food intake.
evolutionary mismatch
traits that were adaptive in an ancestral environment may be maladaptive in a modern environment
metabolism
the rate at which the body uses energy
human sexual response cycle
comprises the stages of physiological arousal during sexual activity
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution, refractory period
intrinsic motivation
a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding.
extrinsic motivation
a motivation to take actions that lead to reward
conscious motivations
motivations of which people are aware,
unconscious motivations
motivations of which people are not aware
need for achievement
the motivation to solve worthwhile problems
approach motivation
the motivation to experience positive outcomes
avoidance motivation
the motivation to avoid experiencing negative outcomes.
loss aversion
the tendency to care more about avoiding losses than about achieving equal-size gains
terror management theory
a theory about how people respond to knowledge of their own mortality
terror management theory
a theory about how people respond to the knowledge of their own mortality
