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Psych 105 > treatment of disorders > Flashcards

treatment of disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

seeking help?

- social construct 3D’s

A

distress
dysfunctional
deviant

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2
Q

seeking therapy

-when and where

A
  1. when: severe emotional discomfort
    unable to handle problem.life transition
    past problem is worsening or has resurfaced
  2. where - school, hospital, community
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3
Q

types of supporters

  1. counselling pyschologist
  2. clinical psychologist
  3. psychiatrist
A

1 stronger focus on healthier individuals : careers, marriage, school

  • one on one or couples therapy.
    2. focus on psychosis or other serious mental illness
    3. medical doctor that supports people with mental illnes. - more emphasis on physical solutions, but may provide therapy.
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4
Q

choosing therapist

A

therapist-client relationship: degree of value similarity between therapist and client; feeling of ease, agree-upon goals

  • culturally competent - understand your culutral background and individual cultural difference
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5
Q

gender issues

- females

A

focus on changing women’s life circumstances. aware of oppressive environmental conditions = focusing on negative amplifies negativity

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6
Q

psychodynamic therapy - based on freud

goal?
free association?
dream interpretation

A

psychoanalysis
goal: help patients achieve insight
insight: conscious awareness of underlying problems (bring up repressed things that are harming you)
FA: uncensored conversation - what was in subconscious comes out.
DI: understand symbolic meanings of dreams

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7
Q

factors involved in psychoanalysis therapy

A
  1. resistance. defensive maneuvers that hinder process. signs that anxiety-arousing material is being approached
  2. transference: client responds irrationally to therapist. thoughts feelings from past pushed onto therapist.
  3. interpretation: statement by therapist - not deep insights
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8
Q

psychoanalysis - set backs

A

can be lengthy process.

briefer = more economical.

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9
Q

humanistic therapy: client centered therapy

A

roger’s psychotherapy is to repair inconsistencies

  • client centered, positive encouraging environment.
  • develop genuine caring relationship with client; undonditional positive regard and empathic understanding
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10
Q

cognitive therapy

  • purpose?
  • what kinds of conditions?
A

role of irrational and self-defeating thought patterns
help disover and change cognitions
1. unipolar depression
2. adapted for other disorders.

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11
Q

cogntive therapy - rational emotive therapy

A

A -ctivating event
B- elief system
C- onsequences (emotional and behavioural)
D-isputing or challenging maladaptive emotions, behaviours. - homework

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12
Q

cognitive therapy - treat what? similar effect in what kind of treatment?

A

treating unipolar depression.

changes in brain function - in limbic system and cortex. similar effect in SSRI

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13
Q

exposure in behaviour therapies

A

treat phobies thru exposure to feared CS.

response prevention used to keep operant avoidance response from occurring.

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14
Q

behaviour therapies - strategies

A

flooding = exposed to real-life stimuli. more effective, realistic, traumatic. faster response

implosion: “inner” imagine scenes involving stimuli. *not as effective

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15
Q

behaviour therapy - systematic desensitization

steps

A

learning-based treatment for anxiety disorders. eliminate anxiety through gradual counterconditioning.

  1. train muscle relaxation skills - anxiety and relaxation hard to have together
  2. stimulus hierarchy - person engage in relaxing technique when imagining phobie
  3. relaxation and progressive association with stimulus hierarchy -
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16
Q

behaviour therapy - aversion therapy

A

helps remove negative behaviour, like alocholism, when paired with noxious UCS. * may not apply to real world

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17
Q

behaviour modification treatment

A

positive reinforcement, extinction, negative reinforcement, punishment to in/de-crease behaviour.
successful when traditional therapies are difficult to implement

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18
Q

behaviour modification treatment - reinforcement

A

positive reinforcement, extinction, negative reinforcement, punishment to in/de-crease behaviour.
successful when traditional therapies are difficult to implement

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19
Q

behavioural therapies - token economies

punishment as therapy?

A

system for strengthening desired behaviours through application of positive reinforcement
punishment as therapy? successful with self-destructive children. sketchy on ethical grounds

20
Q

modelling and social skills training

A

social learning. SST= increased belief in self; watching someone else = I can do it too.

21
Q

third-wave: mindfulness

A

aware, focused, accepting of immediate experience

  • based on humanistic and eastern concepts.
  • helps with stress and prevents return to alcoholism
22
Q

benefits of meditation

A
  1. health benefits - stress reduction, help with mental health issue
  2. improve concentration
  3. many positive effects on emotion processes in the brain.
23
Q

mindfulness based - dialectical behaviour therapy

  • for what disorder?
  • what 4 skills does it teach?
  • what 4 types of therapy does it combine
A

developed for borderline personality disorer

  1. mindfulness - to approach not avoid the body & mind.
  2. distress tolerance
  3. emotion regulation
  4. interpersonal effectiveness
  5. weekly individual therapy
  6. 2 hour skills class - with others, assigned homeeork
  7. call therapist whenever theres an issue
  8. therapists come together for support
24
Q

third-wave: VR assisted therapy

A

successfully used to treat phobias, PTSD.

25
Q

overview of 5 categories of therapy

A
  1. . psychodynamic - gain insight about unconscious issues
  2. humanistic: gain congruence thru supportive enviro
  3. cognitive: revisit previous cognitions
  4. behaviour -works on revising previous learning & providing skills
  5. third wave: combine skills and technology.
26
Q

evaluating therapies

  • issue/problem influences what kind of therapy is a good option
  • few questions to ask what evaluating therapy
  • some problems
A

what types of therapy
what kinds of therapy
what kinds of client? with what problems?
what kinds of effect?

variables not controlled; therapist-client interactions varied, measuring therapeutic effects.

27
Q

psychotherapy research methods

A
  • randomized clinical trials = random assignment of clients to experimental or control groups, to find effectiveness
    -meta-analysis: combine statistical results from many studies to reach overall conclusion
    clinical significance: what is “normal” or “improved”. is full intended effect achieved.
28
Q

types of control groups

A
  • no treatment
  • placebo control condition: insert pills/irrelevant intervention
  • other effective treatment condition. drugs that work, ot other therapy.
29
Q

how cognitive and behavioural therapy is different

A

cognitive change in cognition

behavioural = change in mindfulness

30
Q

dodo bird verdict – meta-analysis

A

similar efficacy found for differing therapies. average positive. hard to see what therapy is best for what disorder.

31
Q

factors that affect therapy outcomes

A

therapist variables - empathy, genuineness, experiences
client variables - problem, motivation
techniques- timing of interpretations, specific techniques

32
Q

client variable tht affect therapy outcomes

A
  1. openness: willingness to invest self in therapy
  2. self-relatedness: understand internal state & be attuned to processes
  3. nature of problem: “fit” with therapy
33
Q

therapist variables

A

quality relationship with client

  • empathy, acceptance, trust, cariing
  • better quality = better outcome
34
Q

techniwues that affect therapy outcomes

A

selecting & implementing appropriate techniques for client and situation

35
Q

psychopharmacology

A

how drugs affect cognitions, emotions, behaviour

36
Q

anti-anxiety drugs

A

treat anxiety, dont aaffect alertness. slow down excitatory synaptic activity
side effects: drowsiness, lethargy, dependence.

37
Q

antidepressant drugs

A
  1. tricyclics - increase activity of norepinephrine and serotonin. prevent reuptake of excitatory neurotransmitters
  2. monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors: increase activity of norepinephrine & serotonin. monoamine oxidase breaksdown NT. severe side effects
38
Q

selective serotoning reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

A
  • block reuptake of 5-HT. milder effect than other antidepressants. reduce depressive symptoms more rapidly
    cons: increase negative thoughts; brain adapts to change in [5-HT]
39
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A

decrease action of DA. reduce symptoms of schizophrenia

side effect: tardive dyskinesia = shakes, movement disorder

40
Q

mind, body, therapeutic interventions

PET scans:

A

psycho & bio treatments affect brain function

PET scans: psychotherapy & drug therapy showed similar changes in blood flow for 3 brain areas = main difference is side effects.

41
Q

drug therapies - combo of drugs and therapy

ex (2)

A
  1. schizophrenia: antipsychotics & social support

2. major depression: therapy + drug

42
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT

A

sedative + muscle relaxant. than shock = cause seizure of CNS

treatment of severe depression. effect immediate, high relapse rate.
side effects: memory loss/brain damage.

43
Q

psychosurgery -?

lobotomy?

A

remove/destroy parts of brain
lobotomy: destory nerve tracts to frontal lobes
less common with antipsychotic drugs

44
Q

deinstitutionalization:

A

transfer of treatment to community.

  • requires availability of mental health care in community..
  • institutions werent regulated. abuse, experimented on patients.
45
Q

deinstitutionalization: revolving door phenomenon

greyhound therapy

A
  • person gets out of institution but not stable home.
  • repeated hospitalization
  • large # of disturbed people who live on street.

greyhound therapy: one way greyhound ticket to new place. hopefully community will support.

46
Q

preventative mental health

  • situation-focused prvention
  • competency-focused prevention
A
  • SF: reduce/eliminate enviro causes of disorders
    : enhance situational factors that prevent disorders

CF: desidned to increase personal resources and coping skills

Psych 105 (12 decks)

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