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Psych 105 > Social Psych > Flashcards

Social Psych Flashcards

1
Q

define social psych

A

the scientific study of the feelings, thoughts, and behaviours of individuals in social situations.

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2
Q

5 themes of social psych

A
  1. power of situation
  2. role of construal - different interpretations from person to person
  3. People follow intuitions. lazy judgements = cognitive miser
  4. attitudes and dispositions matter - individual has influence on their social situation.
  5. social processes are both unconscious and conscious
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3
Q

define attribution

A

assigning a cause to an instance of our own or other people’s behaviour.

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4
Q

internal attribution

A

attributing the causes of behaviour to person’s personality, skill, talent and ability

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5
Q

external attribution

A

cause of behaviour = situational factor

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6
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

believe behaviour is due to person’s disposition rather than situation

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7
Q

two elements of Fundamental attribution error

A
  • applies to others not ourselves

- error is not inevitable - with time, error is reduced.

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8
Q

self-serving bias

A

tendency to perceive yourself favourably. protect self-esteem.

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9
Q

self fulfilling prophecy

A

expectations affect behaviour towards others, causing expected behaviours that confirm expectations

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10
Q

define attitudes

A

set of beliefs that we hold in relation to people, places, things, events.

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11
Q

how do attitudes relate to behaviour

A

attitude relates to intention of behaviour, not always the end-behaviour.

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12
Q

three links between attitudes and behaviour

A
  1. specificity: attitude and behaviour on same level
    2 strength: accesibility of attitude in situation
  2. accessibility: extent to which attitude is accessible in the mind.
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13
Q

theory of planned behaviour

A

based on attitude, subjective norms (what’s ok to do), and perceived behavioural control (can they do behaviour - limitations) –> all three predict behaviour.

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14
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

inconsistencies between thoughts, feelings and behaviours => aversive emotional state.
leads to attitude changes to resolve dissonance.

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15
Q

self perception theory

A

form attitudes from our behaviour

ex: pen in mouth.

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16
Q

elaboration-likelihood model: two ways & what is it?

A

persuasive message causes attitude change

  1. central route: think carefully and deliberately –> naive scientist. may be more easily persuaded
  2. peripheral route: attend to superficial aspects of message – cognitive miser
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17
Q

central route of persuasion - what do they do?

A

look at strength and quality of arguments more critically

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18
Q

Peripheral route cues

A
  1. attractiveness
  2. similarity to self
  3. expertise -dr. pepper effect.
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19
Q

what is dr. pepper effect

A

in relation to peripheral cue of expertise. the word “dr.” makes the message seem more credible and valued causing people to be more likely to respond positively to it.

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20
Q

define social influence

A

how thoughts, feelings, behaviours change when in presence of others

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21
Q

4 levels of social influence

A
  1. mere presence
  2. conformity - change in behaviour in accord w others
  3. obedience - acting in accord w direct order
  4. compliance - publicly acting in accord with others wish, while holding other attitude
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22
Q

example of mere presence

A

people reel or yell faster with others than when alone

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23
Q

define social facilitation

A

enhanced performance in presence of others

24
Q

social inhibition

A

impaired performace in presence of others - often when tasks are difficult.

25
sherif - autokinetic effect
saw light travel although it was stationary. individually had different responses, when group came together, tended to agree on same response.
26
Asch's conformity experiment
using lines - confederates chose wrong, subject when alone, often sided with them even tho thought they were wrong.
27
informational influence
conformity that occurs as way of gaining information - in unsure situation
28
normative influence
conformity due to desire to fit in.
29
key factors in conformity (2)
1. group size - easy not to conform in small groups | 2. group unanimity - easier not to conform with dissenter.
30
Milgram experiment
tested obedience. how "teacher" would shock "learner" when they got question wrong based on pressure from experimenter.
31
Door-in-the-face technique
regarding compliance. | ask someone for large favour you know theyll refuse. then ask of them a small favour. = more likely to accept.
32
foot-in-the-door technique
make initial small request they agree to, then larger request. uses self perception theory: I acted that way before so must hold that attitude.
33
lowballing
get commit to action, but increasing one side of agreement after..
34
the purpose of group
cooperation, support
35
defining group
two + individuals connected to each other by social relationships
36
define social loafing
tendency to exert less effort on group task when individual contributions cannot be monitored
37
lesson in social loafing
``` build cohesive group engaging and rewarding tasks individuals feel needed carefully choose number of individuals clearly define each member's task design and communicate evaluating each other's contributions ```
38
deindividuation
when in large group individuals experience reduced sense of individual identity and diminished self-regulation
39
group polarization
people more likely to assume extreme opinions when faced with people of opposite opinions.
40
groupthink
faulty decision making. critical scrutiny subverted by social pressures to reach consensus
41
when is groupthink more likely to occur
high stress, insulated from outside input, directive leader, high cohesion
42
ABC's of intergroup biases
Stereotypes (cognition) - belief about characteristics of members in group Prejudice (attitude) - response toward group Discrimination (behaviour) - biased/unfair treatment
43
overt vs covert racism
``` overt = seen in action covert = implicit, hidden ```
44
modern racism
prejudice directed at other racial groups, paired with rejection of explicitly racist beliefs
45
Implicit Association Test
revealing unconscious prejudices. prejudiced attitudes may surface when cued to think in negative ways. ** some variance - not true test, how we're feeling may affect how we respond)
46
cognitive routes
classify people as "ingroup" and "outgroup"
47
outgroup homogeneity effect
tendency to assume that within group similarity is larger for out-groups than for in-groups.
48
ingroup vs outgroup differences
accentuate differences in own group, see only similarity in outgroup.
49
motivational routes in intergroups
1. competition and intergroup conflict - competition increased intergroup conflict 2. reducing intergroup conflict - get everyone to work together
50
realistic group conflict theory
group conflict likely to arise over competition between groups for limited desired resources
51
subordinate goals
transcend the group, achieved by groups working together helps reconstruct intergroup relationships
52
the contact hypothesis
contact between groups reduces intergroup bias
53
conditions of contact hypothesis
1. social norms support contact 2. contact in equal status 3. contact involve common goal 4. contact sustained
54
crossed categorization
categorize into two groups. ex: polish canadian (+): "we" (-): increase differences, no sole identity, more unique
55
multiple categorization
cross categorization to bigger level. more complex identity, more cross-over btw various ppl

Psych 105 (12 decks)

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