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Psych 105 > stress, health, coping > Flashcards

stress, health, coping Flashcards

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1
Q

define stressors

A

events in environment that place demands on us.
historically - life threats.
now - job, deadlines. etc.

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2
Q

impact of sress?

A

lead to physiological responses

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3
Q

examples of microstressors

A

daily hassles, poor interactions, traffic

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4
Q

catastrophic evvents

major negative events

A
  • occur unexpectedly, affect large #’s of people
  • stressful life event

= both longer lasting effects

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5
Q

person-situation interaction with stress

  • cognitive appraisals
    coping machanisms
A
  • transaction between organism and environment

cognitive appraisal: interpretation of stressor = interpret differently based on situation. important in what happens in terms of stress response

coping mechanism: how do we deal with situations.

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6
Q

4 aspects of cognitive appraisal

A
  1. primary appraisal = demands of situation – how important, how stressful?
  2. secondary appraisal = resources available to cope – how well you can cope, workload? support?
  3. judgements of consequences of situation. what happens next? how does it impact you?
  4. personal meaning - what does outcome imply? what does it mean to you, how does it affect self-view, worldview
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7
Q

measuring stress - life event scale

A 
quantifies stress over given period of time
- particular event that occurred
- appraisal of event +/-
- major event (long term?)
other things (ability to deal)
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8
Q

chronic stress = general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

physiological reaction to prolonged stress.

- shouldnt last indefinitely. stress response will be over-worked trying to maintain balance

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9
Q

stages of GAS

  1. alarm
  2. resistance
  3. exhaustion
A
  1. similar to fight or flight. activation of symp. release cortisol. trigger increase in blood sugars, suppress immune system.
  2. continued recruitment of resources. can last long time.
  3. resources dangerously depleted, increased vulnerability to disease, cardiovascular problems and immune system difficulties
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10
Q

initat stress response adaptive, but chronic stress is not.

A

chronic stress affect brain: brain size, structure, function. increase activity and number in amygdala, hippocampus deteriorates - depress HPA axis.
affect DNA: more nurturing - better response to stress. negligent moms = more sensitive to stress. epigenetic changes. passed down many generations after = heritable
reverse stress: exercise, meditation - breathe deeply, focused on surorunding. increase size of hippocampus.

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11
Q

stress and aging

A

more stress - affects telomere length by shortening. chronic cortisol also related to shortening of telomeres.

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12
Q

coping strategies (3)

A
  1. problem-focused coping: planning how to deal, assertive confrontation (talk positive)
  2. emotion-focused coping: positive reinterpretation, acceptance (worse otucomes = denial, emotion suppression)
  3. seeking social support: emotional support, affirmation or worth. talking w others.

*with little control over the situation, fewer maladaptives behaviours with emotion focused

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13
Q

coping strategies: effectiveness

- differences in outcomes for emotion focused outcomes

A
  1. positive outcomes with Id & changing irrational thought patterns; relaxation techniques
  2. negative outcomes with avoidance, denial, wishful thinking
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14
Q

gender differences in coping

A 
males = problem-focused approach
females = emotion-focused and social-support approach.
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15
Q

cultural differences in coping

A

north americans & europeans = problem focused.

emotion-focused and social support = asians and hispanics.

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16
Q

relieve stress

A

exercise
get in control - plan of action, tackle
- talk to someone, socialize
- do something else with your mind

17
Q

post traumatic stress disorder

symptoms

A
  • severe anxiety, physiological arousal
    reliving event
    emotional numbing
    intense guilt
18
Q

residential school syndrome

A

similar to PTSD but also anger, violence and drug abuse.

19
Q

effects on health: illness
stress and its health impacts
time scale

A

stress = increase in chronic conditions; increased change of health problems especially with pre-existing conditions, increases with # of stressors

immediate or long term

20
Q

relationship & illness

A

stress produced by marital conflict = decrease in immune function

21
Q

health research: risk and protective factors

A

protective factors = reduce impact

risk factors = increase impact

22
Q

social protections
social support
enhances immune system

A

social support- more is protective. blunts impact of stress. sense of identity, meaning. may prevent maladaptive ways of coping

enhances immune system. shown among cancer patients - people who talk about negative life events.

23
Q

cognitive protective factors

  • hardiness
  • coping self efficacy
A

commitment- what they do is important
control - (perceived) control over situation
challenge - situation is a challenge not a threat.

belief we can successfully cope

  • increased efficacy from: previous successes; observing others; social persuasion/encouragement; low levels of arousal
  • shown to increase immune system functioning

optimism: rosy view of the future; belief that things will work out. optimists have: appraisal of being less helpless; better adjustment to negative life events; sense of less helplessness; better health

24
Q

personality and health

A

type A: ambitious, high-achieving, perfectionists, who are very competitive = heart disease.

type B: relaxed, uncompetitive and creative.

25
Q

resilience

A

coping from set backs.

  • training your working memory helps train your mental state, making your brain better fit to cope with adversities in life.
  • most resilient children come from troubled homes.
26
Q

health psychology

A

studies psychological and behavioural factors in the prevention and treatment of illness and in the maintenance of health. recognizes the role that behaviour plays in health maintenance

27
Q

health -related behaviours fall into 2 main categories

A
  1. health -enhancing behaviours (exercise, diet, safe sex, health exams)
  2. health -compromising behaviours - promote illness.
28
Q

the transtheoretical model

A

identifies 6 major stages people generally go through in health change

  1. precontemplation ( risky behaviour, no desire to change) – edu therapy
  2. contemplation ( perceive problem or desire for change)
  3. preparation (plan of action) - talk about solutions
  4. action (actively modify, great commitment)
  5. maintenance (avoid relapse_
  6. termination (change in behaviour ingrained
29
Q

increasing healthy behaviours

A

look at mortality and health practices. health practices are associated with longevity - pattern worse for men.

30
Q

exercise

A

sedentary lifestyle & health probelms.
aerobic = burn calories
anaerobic - build muscle.
positives to both.

benefits to exercise 3 times a week.

31
Q

exercise interventions

A
  1. exercise programs through work - high dropout
  2. behavioural interventions - goal setting, exercise contracts, monitor progress
  3. identify impediments and address them - plan for issues
32
Q

weight control interventions

A
  1. record what you eat, how much and when
  2. eating style interventions - put down utensils in between
  3. exercise (at same time) - more weight loss, more long term effects.

Psych 105 (12 decks)

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