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Psych 105 > Personality & Traits > Flashcards

Personality & Traits Flashcards

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1
Q

define dispositional traits

A

relatively stable dimensions (across time and situations) of personality

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2
Q

define personality psychology

A

scientific study of differences in feelings, actions, thoughts btw individuals.

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3
Q

the new big 5

A

framework for how to view individuals

  1. evolution and human nature
  2. dispositional traits
  3. characteristic adaptations
  4. life narratives and identity
  5. culture
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4
Q

evolution and human nature

A

part of new big 5
view people in terms of evolutionarily developed biological background.
view based on similarity to all others

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5
Q

dispositional trats

A

new big 5
refer to general pattern of how person acts over time
based in similarity to some others.

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6
Q

psychology of a stranger

A

get sense of general pattern of traits in individual.

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7
Q

characteristic adaptations

A

new big 5
nuances view of individual differences,
similarity to some others
won’t come up in most situations, attitudes towards system, political standing etc.

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8
Q

characteristic adaptations -answers who am I?

A

new big 5

more predictive of behaviours in specific situation. related to motivations and demands. interacts with traits

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9
Q

life narratives

A

new big 5
relates to life stories and constructed meaning in life
based on unique from all others.

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10
Q

culture

A

shared experiences and meanings influence how we act.
shared with some.
culture interacts with all other principles

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11
Q

sources of personality data

A 
self report
observer-report
behaviour
lie outcome data
test data
*important to triangulate data sources
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12
Q

traits seen as..

A

inward experiences & overt behaviours

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13
Q

gordon allport proposed 3 types of traits

A

cardinal trait: dominates and shapes person’s behaviour
central trait: general characteristic found to some degree in everyone
secondary trait: related to preferences or attitudes

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14
Q

raymon cattell, factor analysis

A

found 16 trait words to describe personality. tended to find across culture.

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15
Q

the big 5

A 
OCEAN
openness/intellect
contientiousness
extraversion
aggreeableness
neuroticism
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16
Q

4 ways the big 5 is “basic”

A
  1. stable and predictive
  2. found in natural language
  3. found in different groups
  4. heritable
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17
Q

extraversion aspects

A

enthusiasm

assertiveness

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18
Q

aggreeableness

A

compassion

politeness

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19
Q

conscientiousness

A

industrious

orderliness

20
Q

neuroticism

A

volatility

withdrawal

21
Q

openness/intellect

A

openness/intellect

22
Q

trait vs situation debate

A

proposed that traits were not as effective at predicting behaviours. situation was moer important

  1. correlation between traits and multiple situations too low
  2. correlations much stronger with specific behaviours/situations
23
Q

resolution to trait vs situation debate

A

traits are real but situation matters.

24
Q

Synthesis:
situation better for ___
traits better for ___

A

situation –> immediate

traits –> general predictions

25
Q

define intelligence

A

reason, plan, solve, think abstractly, learn quickly, from experience.
deeper capability to make sense of world.

26
Q

crystallied intelligence

A

previously learned knowledge – language, problem solving methods.

27
Q

fluid intelligence

A

deal with novel situations without previous knowledge

28
Q

how intelligence changes with age

A

crystallized tends to increase. fluid tends to decrease. use it or lose it.

29
Q

three stratum approach for intelligence

A

general(g), broad (crystallized, fluid), narrow intelligences.

30
Q

gy (intelligence)

A

memory and learning

31
Q

gt (intelligence)

A

processing speed

32
Q

IQ

A

standardized normal curve

33
Q

cognitive process approach: intellectual competence

A

analytical, practical, creative

34
Q

cognitivee process approach: underlying cognitive processes

A

metacomponents (plan, regulate)
performance (execute strategy)
knowledge acquisition (encode store info)

35
Q

emotional intelligence

A

read emotions, respond, motivation, aware of own emotions, regulate own emotional responses

36
Q

assessing intelligence in non-western culture. 2 main approaches

A

1 use problem not tied to knowledge base of culture

2. create measures tailored to kinds of knowledge thats valued.

37
Q

flynn effect

A

IQ increases over generations. however, I is scaled over generations.

38
Q

heritability of genetics

A

highly heritable ~60-80% especially in HES where support and opporunity are high. in LES - ~10% heritability bc less support, opportunity

39
Q

sex differences in intelligence

A

F: perceptual speed, verbal fluency, fine motor coordination
M: spatial tasks, throwing/catching, mathematical reasoning

40
Q

extremes of intelligence

A

intellectually gifted. IQ 130+, v talented may not reach eminence.

cognitivtely disabled - mainstream although problems w reading, writing, memory, to increase social skills.

41
Q

define creativity

A

generate/recognize ideas, alternatives that are useful.

studied with insight problems

42
Q

insight problems require

A

reframing problem. come with “aha moment where theres break from normal world view.

43
Q

well-defined vs ill-defined

A 
well = know solution and how to get there
ill = life problems. not clear how to do things.
44
Q

convergent thinking

A

linear, logical thinking. well-defined problems

45
Q

divergent thinking

A

assoc w network of related ideas. fluency = how many things

flexibility = how many different things.

46
Q

breaking frame

A

step outside natural rules

47
Q

creativity correlates: mulitcultural, personality,

A

multicultural contact = insight benefits

personality = oppenness, extraverted, lower conscientiousness

Psych 105 (12 decks)

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