personality - bio and clinical

Question 1

hippocampus

Answer 1

forming and retrieving memories

experience affects size of hippocampus - taxi driver

Question 2

nucleus accumbens

Answer 2

reward & motivation. effected by experience. winning can be addicting

Question 3

amygdala

Answer 3

organize emotion. interpret emotional threats and rewards.

extraversion relates to amygdala activity. more social situation = more reward.

Question 4

frontal cortex

Answer 4

higher order cognitive function.

emotion displays, attention short term memory, planning

Question 5

big 5 and brain

Answer 5

measure personality scores and correlate with brain volume

Question 6

grey matter and white matter

Answer 6

grey = more neurons
white = more axon connectivity
* brain is plastic*

Question 7

extraversion and frontal cortex size

Answer 7

more extraverted, thicker cortex

Question 8

conscientiousness

Answer 8

more hard working = thicker frontal gyrus

Question 9

more neurotic

Answer 9

less thick area of prefrontal cortex

Question 10

more neurotic

Answer 10

less thick hippocampus

Question 11

5-HTTLPR gene

Answer 11

related to serotonin reuptake. less transporter = more 5-HT in synapse & more sensitive to negative emotion. . related to social outcomes
related to amygdala activity, more active, more sensitive to negative emotion

Question 12

aggression MAOA

Answer 12

low MAOA males aggress more, more antisocial tendencies.

in social manipulation, exclusion caused aggressive behaviours.

Question 13

evolution and personality

how natural selection affected that

Answer 13

gene variability. variability in fitness. more adaptive to hostile world

Question 14

environment of evolutionary adaptedness

Answer 14

previous attitudes couldve been beneficial, passed on and still held even tho not relevant

Question 15

big 5 extreme

Answer 15

E : pursuit of resource, risky
N: avoid failure, mental illness
C: get thigns done, compulsiveness
A: smooth social intxn, loss of resource
O: creative, high sex partners, higher rate of psych and affective disorder

Question 16

freud - topographic model. 3 levels of mind

Answer 16

conscious
preconscious
unconscious

Question 17

repressed - T or F?

Answer 17

repressed memories can exist - expecially w trauma. but false memories exist too..

Question 18

freudian slip, parapraxes

Answer 18

though from unconscious comes up in form of mistake during speech

Question 19

freudian instincts

Answer 19

sexual - libido. death - thanatos

Question 20

freudian psychosexual development

Answer 20

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

Question 21

frued - strucutral model of mind

Answer 21

id - drives
ego - self regulation
superego - social rules

Question 22

defence mechanisms

Answer 22

repression: out of mind
suppression: out of immediate consciousness
denial: deny bad news/ things that make you anxious
displacement: move target of emotions to safer target
reaction formation - defending mind by creating opposite idea
projection. attribute unwanted to someone else
sublimation: concert base into noble cause

Question 23

neo-freudian main differences

Answer 23

1. sex is less important
2. less emphasis on unconscious
3. less on drives

Question 24

adler

Answer 24

children weak - feel inferior. work through whole life trying to feel superior in this area.

Question 25

horney

Answer 25

anxiety = fear of being alone and helpless.

need to have relationships but be independent too..

Question 26

maslow hierarchy of needs

Answer 26

basic on bottom to relationships, self esteem and selfactualization (life goal - be everything you can be)

Question 27

define self-actualize

Answer 27

realize ones full talents and potentials

Question 28

three criteria for self-actualization

Answer 28

independence, openness to experience, altruism

Question 29

jonah complex

Answer 29

go for comfortable life, not for one our potential cant reach, in fear of failure

Question 30

practical implications of maslow: career

Answer 30

hard times - settle, make money
now - can be picky, more options, take time to choose
employee motivation: build relationships over giving money
Happiness: not tied to money in all cultures

Question 31

rogers fully functioning person

Answer 31

aware of reality and self – happy.

The hero - face world w/o anxiety, fear

Question 32

rogers source of psychopathy

Answer 32

anxiety, disorganization of self concept.

Question 33

rogerian psychotherapy

Answer 33

repair inconsistensies, make life more congruent.

Question 34

requirements for rogerian psychotherapy

Answer 34

unconditional positive regard.

build genuine relationship and have empathetic understanding.