Travelers Flashcards
A patient will travel to a different country. She wishes to avoid travelers’ diarrhea. Choose the appropriate recommendations:
a. Safe beverages include those that are bottled and sealed or have been boiled
b. The safest way to avoid travelers’ diarrhea is to avoid eating in public restaurants entirely
c. Foods that are freshly cooked and served hot are safer than foods that may have been sitting for some time in the kitchen or in a buffet
d. Risky foods include raw or undercooked meat and seafood, and unpeeled raw fruits and veggies
e. Avoid beverages diluted with non-potable water (reconstituted fruit juices, ice, and milk) and foods washed in non-potable water, such as salads
a, c, d, e
Select the term that best describes bismuth subsalicylate:
a. Osmotic laxative
b. Stool softener
c. Antidiarrheal
d. Antiemetic
e. Bulk-forming laxative
c
Bismuth is a salicylate. It can cause salicylate toxicity (with OD) and shouldn’t be used in children with suspected viral infection (d/t risk of Reye’s syndrome)
Which country requires meningococcal vaccination prior to travel at certain times of the year?
a.The US
b. Greece
c. Italy
d. Saudi Arabia
e. Syria
d
Which drug can be used for the prevention or tx of altitude sickness?
a. Acetazolamide
b. Lomotil
c. Imodium
d. Propenecid
e. Mesalamine
a
Which of the following isn’t a correct route of transmission?
a. Hep A: food-borne
b. Hep B: blood-borne
c. Meningitis: blood-borne
d. Yellow fever: mosquitos
e. Zika virus: mosquitos and sexual transmission
c
Meningitis is spread by respiratory secretions
Select the term that best describes loperamide:
a. Osmotic laxative
b. Stool softener
c. Antidiarrheal
d. Antiemetic
e. Bulk-forming laxative
c
Loperamide decreases the frequency and urgency of bowel movements. Avoid use in infants or young children without pediatrician authorization. Instruct parents on proper hydration when diarrhea or vomiting is present.
“Rice-water stools” are characteristic of which travel-related illness?
a. Cholera
b. Dengue
c. Hep A
d. Paratyphoid fever
e. Travelers’ diarrhea
a
Cholera, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, causes watery stools that are described in this way.
Which of the following disease can be prevented with a vaccine?
a. Zika
b. Polio
c. Japanese encephalitis
d. Malaria
e. Yellow fever
b, c, e
RW is a 32 y/o male traveling for business. On day 3 of his trip, he developed severe TD that’s watery and bloody. He was unable to attend the business meetings that were scheduled for the day. What is the preferred AB tx for RW?
a. Azithromycin
b. Ciprofloxacin
c. Doxycycline
d. Levofloxacin
e. Rifaximin
a
Azithromycin is the DOC for severe TD and any TD involving dysentery (blood in the stools). Oral rehydration should be used for fluid replacement.
Malaria is transmitted by various strains of this type of mosquito:
a. Coquilettidia
b. Culex
c. Aednia
d. Orthopodomylinii
e. Anopheles
e
A 25 y/o male is on a trip to the Baja Peninsula in Mexico to visit a friend. He develops abdominal cramps, a low-grade fever, and bloody diarrhea. Which medication is appropriate?
a. Azithromycin
b. Vancomycin
c. Metronidazole
d. Ciprofloxacin
e. Rifaximin
a
A healthy 25 y/o male is traveling to Mexico and is at risk for TD. Which of the following is the most appropriate prophylactic regimen for TD?
a. Rifaximin
b. Azithromycin
c. Loperamide
d. Bismuth subsalicylate
e. Ciprofloxacin XR
d
Which of the following diseases isn’t transmitted by insect bites?
a. Dengue
b. Typhoid
c. Japanese encephalitis
d. Malaria
e. Yellow fever
b
Typhoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi
Which of the following statements concerning dengue is correct?
a. Dengue is transmitted by infected stool passed along, primarily through fecal contact
b. The Japanese encephalitis vaccine should be recommended to travelers to Asian countries to reduce the risk of contracting dengue
c. Dengue is prevented by taking prophylaxis meds before, during, and after travel to affected regions
d. Dengue primarily causes a severe skin rash
e. Dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes; protection from mosquitoes is essential
e
Choose the correct statement concerning terms for disease transmission in malaria:
a. The mosquito is the vector that carries the pathogen from one host (an infected human) to another host
b. The mosquito is the host, and the human is the vector
c. The mosquito is the host, and contaminated water is the vector
d. The mosquito is the vector that carries the pathogen from one vector (an infected human) to another vector (another infected human)
e. The mosquito is the host, and the human is the reservoir
a
