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RxPrep > Lab Values and Monitoring > Flashcards

Lab Values and Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

normal total calcium

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

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2
Q

increases calcium (2)

A
  • vitamin D
  • thiazide diuretics
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3
Q

decreases calcium (4)

A
  • long-term heparin
  • loop diuretics
  • bisphosphonates
  • cinacalcet
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4
Q

normal magnesium

A

1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L

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5
Q

decreases magnesium (3)

A
  • PPIs
  • diuretics
  • amphotericin B
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6
Q

normal phosphate

A

2.3 - 4.7 mg/dL

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7
Q

increased phosphate (1)

A

CKD

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8
Q

normal potassium

A

3.5 - 5 mEq/L

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9
Q

increases potassium (9)

A
  1. ACE/ARB
  2. aldosterone receptor antagonists
  3. aliskiren
  4. canagliflozin
  5. cyclosporine
  6. tacrolimus
  7. potassium supplements
  8. Bactrim
  9. drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives
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10
Q

decreases potassium (3)

A
  • beta 2 agonists
  • diuretics
  • insulin
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11
Q

normal sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

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12
Q

increases sodium (2)

A
  • hypertonic saline
  • tolvaptan
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13
Q

decreases sodium

A
  • carbamazepine
  • oxcarbamazepine
  • SSRIs
  • diuretics
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14
Q

normal bicarbonate

A

Venous: 24-30 mEq/L
Arterial: 22-26 mEq/L

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15
Q

decreases bicarbonate (1)

A

topiramate

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16
Q

normal BUN

A

7-20 mg/dL

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17
Q

increases BUN (2)

A

renal impairment and dehydration

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18
Q

normal serum creatinine

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

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19
Q

increases SCr (11)

A
  • aminoglycosides
  • amphotericin B
  • cisplatin
  • colistimethate
  • cyclosporine
  • loop diuretics
  • polymyxin
  • NSAIDs
  • radiocontrast dye
  • tacrolimus
  • vancomycin
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20
Q

normal anion gap

A

5-12 mEq/L

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21
Q

normal WBC

A

4,000-11,000 cells/mm3

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22
Q

increases WBC (1)

A

systemic steroids

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23
Q

decreases WBC (4)

A
  • clozapine
  • chemotherapy
  • carbamazepine
  • immunosuppressants
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24
Q

normal neutrophils

A

45-73%

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25
Q

normal bands

A

3-5%

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26
Q

normal eosinophils

A

0-5%

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27
Q

increases eosinophils (3)

A
  • asthma
  • inflammation
  • parasitic infection
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28
Q

normal basophils

A

0-1%

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29
Q

increases basophils (1)

A

hypersensitivity reactions

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30
Q

normal lymphocytes

A

20-40%

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31
Q

increases lymphocytes (2)

A

viral infections
lymphoma

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32
Q

decreases lymphocytes (3)

A
  • bone marrow suppression
  • HIV
  • systemic steroids
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33
Q

normal RBCs

A

Males: 4.5-5.5
Females: 4.1-4.9

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34
Q

increases RBCs (1)

A

ESAs

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35
Q

decreases RBCs (4)

A
  • chemo
  • deficiency anemias (B12, folate)
  • hemolytic anemia
  • sickle cell anemia
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36
Q

normal Hgb

A

males: 13.5-18 g/dL
females: 12-16 g/dL

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37
Q

normal MCV

A

80-100 fL

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38
Q

increased MCV

A

macrocyctic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency)

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39
Q

decreased MCV

A

microcytic anemia (iron deficiency)

40
Q

normal folic acid (folate)

A

5-25 mcg/L

41
Q

decreases folic acid (5)

A
  • phenytoin/fosphenytoin
  • phenobarbital
  • primidone
    -methotrexate
  • Bactrim
42
Q

normal vitamin B12

A

> 200 pg/mL

43
Q

decreases vitamin B12 (2)

A
  • PPIs
  • metformin
44
Q

normal reticulocyte count

A

0.5-2.5%

45
Q

decreased reticulocyte count (2)

A
  • untreated anemia
  • bone marrow suppression
46
Q

drugs that can cause hemolytic anemia identified by a positive Coombs test (14)

A
  • penicillins and cephalosporins
  • dapsone
  • isoniazid
  • levodopa
  • methyldopa
  • methylene blue
  • nitrofurantoin
  • pegloticase
  • primaquine
  • quinidine
  • quinine
  • rasburicase
  • rifampin
  • sulfonamides
47
Q

normal G6PD

A

5-14 units/g

48
Q

Drugs that cause RBC destruction with G6PD deficiency (7)

A
  • dapsone
  • methylene blue
  • nitrofurantoin
  • pegloticase
  • primaquine
  • rasburicase
  • sulfonamides
49
Q

normal platelets

A

150,000 - 450,000 cells/mm3

50
Q

decreases platelets (5)

A
  • heparin
  • LMWHs
  • fondaparinux
  • linezolid
  • valproic acid
51
Q

normal albumin

A

3.5-5 g/dL

52
Q

decreases albumin (2)

A
  • cirrhosis
  • malnutrition
53
Q

normal total bilirubin

A

0.1-1.2 mg/dL

54
Q

ammonia is often measured in what?

A

suspected hepatic encephalopathy

55
Q

increases ammonia (2)

A
  • valproic acid
  • topiramate
56
Q

decreases ammonia (1)

A

lactulose

57
Q

normal amylase

A

60-180 units/L

58
Q

normal lipase

A

5-160 units/L

59
Q

things that cause pancreatitis (increased amylase/lipase) (5)

A
  • didanosine
  • GLP-1 agonists
  • DPP-4 inhibitors
  • valproic acid
  • hypertriglyceridemia
60
Q

normal CPK

A

males: 55-170 IU/L
females: 30-135 IU/L

61
Q

increases CPK (5)

A
  • daptomycin
  • statins
  • tenofovir
  • raltegravir
  • dolutegravir
62
Q

normal troponin T
normal troponin I

A

0-0.1 ng/mL
0-0.5 ng/mL

63
Q

normal BNP

A

< 100 pg/mL or ng/L

64
Q

normal NT-proBNP

A

males: < 61 pg/mL
females: 12-151 pg/mL

65
Q

normal LDL

A

< 100 mg/dL

66
Q

normal HDL

A

> /= 60

67
Q

normal TGs

A

< 150 mg/dL

68
Q

normal CRP

A

0-0.5 mg/dL

69
Q

normal TSH

A

0.3-3 mIU/L

70
Q

drugs that increase or decrease TSH (2)

A
  • amiodarone
  • interferons
71
Q

drugs that increase TSH (hypothyroidism) (3)

A
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitors
  • lithium
  • carbamazepine
72
Q

normal uric acid

A

males: 3.5-7.2 mg/dL
females: 2-6.5 mg/dL

73
Q

increases uric acid (8)

A
  • diuretics
  • niacin
  • low doses of aspirin
  • pyrazinamide
  • cyclosporine
  • tacrolimus
  • select pancreatic enzyme products
  • select chemotherapy
74
Q

normal ESR

A

males: 20 mm/hr or lower
females: 30 mm/hr or lower

75
Q

drugs that cause DILE (10)

A
  • anti-TNF agents
  • hydralazine
  • isoniazid
  • methimazole
  • methyldopa
  • minocycline
  • procainamide
  • propylthiouracil
  • quinidine
  • terbinafine
76
Q

normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

77
Q

normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

< 4 ng/mL

78
Q

normal lactic acid (lactate)

A

0.5-2.2 mEq/L

79
Q

increases lactic acid (2)

A
  • NRTIs
  • metformin
80
Q

drugs that increase prolactin (3)

A
  • haloperidol
  • risperidone
  • paliperidone
81
Q

normal thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)

A

15 units/mL or higher

82
Q

Those with TPMT deficiency are at increased risk for myelosuppression and may need lower doses of which drugs (2)?

A
  • azathioprine
  • mercaptopurine
83
Q

normal vitamin D (25(OH))

A

> 30 ng/mL

84
Q

carbamazepine therapeutic range

A

4-12 mcg/mL

85
Q

digoxin therapeutic range (2)

A

afib: 0.8-2 ng/mL
HF: 0.5-0.9 ng/mL

86
Q

gentamicin trough and peak ranges (traditional dosing)

A

peak: 5-10 mcg/mL
trough: < 2 mcg/mL

87
Q

lithium therapeutic range

A

0.6-1.2 mEq/L (up to 1.5 mEq/L for acute symptoms)

88
Q

phenytoin/fosphenytoin therapeutic range

A

10-20 mcg/mL

89
Q

free phenytoin therapeutic range

A

1-2.5 mcg/mL

90
Q

procainamide therapeutic range

A

4-10 mcg/mL

91
Q

NAPA (procainamide active metabolite) therapeutic range

A

15-25 mcg/mL

92
Q

NAPA + procainamide therapeutic range

A

10-30 mcg/mL

93
Q

theophylline therapeutic range

A

5-15 mcg/mL

94
Q

tobramycin peak and trough (traditional dosing)

A

peak: 5-10 mcg/mL
trough: < 2 mcg/mL

95
Q

valproic acid therapeutic range

A

50-100 mcg/mL (up to 150 mcg/mL in some patients)

96
Q

vancomycin troughs

A

serious infections: 15-20 mcg/mL
others: 10-15 mcg/mL

97
Q

warfarin INR goals

A

2-3
2.5-3.5 in patients with mechanical mitral valves

RxPrep (51 decks)

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