Lab Values and Monitoring Flashcards
1
Q
normal total calcium
A
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
2
Q
increases calcium (2)
A
- vitamin D
- thiazide diuretics
3
Q
decreases calcium (4)
A
- long-term heparin
- loop diuretics
- bisphosphonates
- cinacalcet
4
Q
normal magnesium
A
1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L
5
Q
decreases magnesium (3)
A
- PPIs
- diuretics
- amphotericin B
6
Q
normal phosphate
A
2.3 - 4.7 mg/dL
7
Q
increased phosphate (1)
A
CKD
8
Q
normal potassium
A
3.5 - 5 mEq/L
9
Q
increases potassium (9)
A
- ACE/ARB
- aldosterone receptor antagonists
- aliskiren
- canagliflozin
- cyclosporine
- tacrolimus
- potassium supplements
- Bactrim
- drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives
10
Q
decreases potassium (3)
A
- beta 2 agonists
- diuretics
- insulin
11
Q
normal sodium
A
135-145 mEq/L
12
Q
increases sodium (2)
A
- hypertonic saline
- tolvaptan
13
Q
decreases sodium
A
- carbamazepine
- oxcarbamazepine
- SSRIs
- diuretics
14
Q
normal bicarbonate
A
Venous: 24-30 mEq/L
Arterial: 22-26 mEq/L
15
Q
decreases bicarbonate (1)
A
topiramate
16
Q
normal BUN
A
7-20 mg/dL
17
Q
increases BUN (2)
A
renal impairment and dehydration
18
Q
normal serum creatinine
A
0.6-1.3 mg/dL
19
Q
increases SCr (11)
A
- aminoglycosides
- amphotericin B
- cisplatin
- colistimethate
- cyclosporine
- loop diuretics
- polymyxin
- NSAIDs
- radiocontrast dye
- tacrolimus
- vancomycin
20
Q
normal anion gap
A
5-12 mEq/L
21
Q
normal WBC
A
4,000-11,000 cells/mm3
22
Q
increases WBC (1)
A
systemic steroids
23
Q
decreases WBC (4)
A
- clozapine
- chemotherapy
- carbamazepine
- immunosuppressants
24
Q
normal neutrophils
A
45-73%
25
normal bands
3-5%
26
normal eosinophils
0-5%
27
increases eosinophils (3)
- asthma
- inflammation
- parasitic infection
28
normal basophils
0-1%
29
increases basophils (1)
hypersensitivity reactions
30
normal lymphocytes
20-40%
31
increases lymphocytes (2)
viral infections
lymphoma
32
decreases lymphocytes (3)
- bone marrow suppression
- HIV
- systemic steroids
33
normal RBCs
Males: 4.5-5.5
Females: 4.1-4.9
34
increases RBCs (1)
ESAs
35
decreases RBCs (4)
- chemo
- deficiency anemias (B12, folate)
- hemolytic anemia
- sickle cell anemia
36
normal Hgb
males: 13.5-18 g/dL
females: 12-16 g/dL
37
normal MCV
80-100 fL
38
increased MCV
macrocyctic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency)
39
decreased MCV
microcytic anemia (iron deficiency)
40
normal folic acid (folate)
5-25 mcg/L
41
decreases folic acid (5)
- phenytoin/fosphenytoin
- phenobarbital
- primidone
-methotrexate
- Bactrim
42
normal vitamin B12
> 200 pg/mL
43
decreases vitamin B12 (2)
- PPIs
- metformin
44
normal reticulocyte count
0.5-2.5%
45
decreased reticulocyte count (2)
- untreated anemia
- bone marrow suppression
46
drugs that can cause hemolytic anemia identified by a positive Coombs test (14)
- penicillins and cephalosporins
- dapsone
- isoniazid
- levodopa
- methyldopa
- methylene blue
- nitrofurantoin
- pegloticase
- primaquine
- quinidine
- quinine
- rasburicase
- rifampin
- sulfonamides
47
normal G6PD
5-14 units/g
48
Drugs that cause RBC destruction with G6PD deficiency (7)
- dapsone
- methylene blue
- nitrofurantoin
- pegloticase
- primaquine
- rasburicase
- sulfonamides
49
normal platelets
150,000 - 450,000 cells/mm3
50
decreases platelets (5)
- heparin
- LMWHs
- fondaparinux
- linezolid
- valproic acid
51
normal albumin
3.5-5 g/dL
52
decreases albumin (2)
- cirrhosis
- malnutrition
53
normal total bilirubin
0.1-1.2 mg/dL
54
ammonia is often measured in what?
suspected hepatic encephalopathy
55
increases ammonia (2)
- valproic acid
- topiramate
56
decreases ammonia (1)
lactulose
57
normal amylase
60-180 units/L
58
normal lipase
5-160 units/L
59
things that cause pancreatitis (increased amylase/lipase) (5)
- didanosine
- GLP-1 agonists
- DPP-4 inhibitors
- valproic acid
- hypertriglyceridemia
60
normal CPK
males: 55-170 IU/L
females: 30-135 IU/L
61
increases CPK (5)
- daptomycin
- statins
- tenofovir
- raltegravir
- dolutegravir
62
normal troponin T
normal troponin I
0-0.1 ng/mL
0-0.5 ng/mL
63
normal BNP
< 100 pg/mL or ng/L
64
normal NT-proBNP
males: < 61 pg/mL
females: 12-151 pg/mL
65
normal LDL
< 100 mg/dL
66
normal HDL
>/= 60
67
normal TGs
< 150 mg/dL
68
normal CRP
0-0.5 mg/dL
69
normal TSH
0.3-3 mIU/L
70
drugs that increase or decrease TSH (2)
- amiodarone
- interferons
71
drugs that increase TSH (hypothyroidism) (3)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- lithium
- carbamazepine
72
normal uric acid
males: 3.5-7.2 mg/dL
females: 2-6.5 mg/dL
73
increases uric acid (8)
- diuretics
- niacin
- low doses of aspirin
- pyrazinamide
- cyclosporine
- tacrolimus
- select pancreatic enzyme products
- select chemotherapy
74
normal ESR
males: 20 mm/hr or lower
females: 30 mm/hr or lower
75
drugs that cause DILE (10)
- anti-TNF agents
- hydralazine
- isoniazid
- methimazole
- methyldopa
- minocycline
- procainamide
- propylthiouracil
- quinidine
- terbinafine
76
normal pH
7.35-7.45
77
normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
< 4 ng/mL
78
normal lactic acid (lactate)
0.5-2.2 mEq/L
79
increases lactic acid (2)
- NRTIs
- metformin
80
drugs that increase prolactin (3)
- haloperidol
- risperidone
- paliperidone
81
normal thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)
15 units/mL or higher
82
Those with TPMT deficiency are at increased risk for myelosuppression and may need lower doses of which drugs (2)?
- azathioprine
- mercaptopurine
83
normal vitamin D (25(OH))
> 30 ng/mL
84
carbamazepine therapeutic range
4-12 mcg/mL
85
digoxin therapeutic range (2)
afib: 0.8-2 ng/mL
HF: 0.5-0.9 ng/mL
86
gentamicin trough and peak ranges (traditional dosing)
peak: 5-10 mcg/mL
trough: < 2 mcg/mL
87
lithium therapeutic range
0.6-1.2 mEq/L (up to 1.5 mEq/L for acute symptoms)
88
phenytoin/fosphenytoin therapeutic range
10-20 mcg/mL
89
free phenytoin therapeutic range
1-2.5 mcg/mL
90
procainamide therapeutic range
4-10 mcg/mL
91
NAPA (procainamide active metabolite) therapeutic range
15-25 mcg/mL
92
NAPA + procainamide therapeutic range
10-30 mcg/mL
93
theophylline therapeutic range
5-15 mcg/mL
94
tobramycin peak and trough (traditional dosing)
peak: 5-10 mcg/mL
trough: < 2 mcg/mL
95
valproic acid therapeutic range
50-100 mcg/mL (up to 150 mcg/mL in some patients)
96
vancomycin troughs
serious infections: 15-20 mcg/mL
others: 10-15 mcg/mL
97
warfarin INR goals
2-3
2.5-3.5 in patients with mechanical mitral valves
