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EMT > Trauma Terminology > Flashcards

Trauma Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

head-on impact (motorcycle)

A

over the handlebars

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2
Q

injury caused by head-on impact (motorcycle)

A
  • head and neck trauma
  • compression injuries to the chest and abdomen
  • if feet remain on footrests during impact, mid-shaft femur fractures, perineal injuries
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3
Q

perineal injuries

A

“any damage to the female external genitalia”

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4
Q

angular impact (motorcycle)

A

rider is often caught between motorcycle and second object

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5
Q

angular impact injuries (motorcycle)

A
  • crush type injuries
  • open fractures to the femur, tibia, fibula
  • fracture/dislocation of malleolus
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6
Q

malleolus

A

“bony protuberance on either side of the ankle”

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7
Q

laying motorcycle down injuries

A
  • massive abrasions (road rash): treat as you would a burn
  • fractures to the affected side
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8
Q

pediatric patients when hitting vehicle

A
  • tend to face oncoming vehicle
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9
Q

injuries of pediatric patients when hitting vehicle

A
  • frontal impact (above knee/pelvis)
  • initial impact (femur and pelvic injuries, internal hemorrhage)
  • secondary impact (thrown backwards, head and neck flexing forward)
  • third impact (thrown downward onto ground)
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10
Q

adult patients when hitting vehicle

A
  • turn away from vehicle
  • lateral or posterior impacts
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11
Q

injuries of adult patients when hitting vehicle

A
  • initial impact (bumper striking lower legs (lower leg fractures))
  • secondary impact (hits hood/windshield (femur, pelvis, thorax, spin fractures))
  • third impact (thrown to ground (hip and shoulder injuries, deceleration injuries, fractures/hemorrhage))
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12
Q

thorax

A

“the area of the body between the neck and the abdomen”

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13
Q

deceleration injuries

A

“a traumatic impact injury to the body that occurs when a moving object suddenly stops or slows down”

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14
Q

down and under pathway of frontal impact (car crash)

A

travels downward into the vehicle seat and forward into the dashboard or steering column

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15
Q

injuries of down and under pathway (frontal impact on car crash)

A
  • knees becoming leading part of body (upper legs absorb most of impact - knee dislocation, patellar fracture, femoral fracture, fracture or posterior dislocation of hip, fracture of acetabulum, vascular injury and hemorrhage)
  • chest wall hits steering column or dashboard, head and torso absorb energy - tamponade, cardiac contusion, pneumothorax)
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16
Q

injuries of up and over pathway (frontal impact of car crash)

A
  • body strikes the steering wheel (ribs and underlying structures absorb momentum - rib fractures, ruptured diaphragm, hemo/pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, cardiac contusion, tamponade, myocardial rupture, aortic aneurysm)
  • if head strikes windshield first, suspect cervical fracture (axial loading injury))
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17
Q

lateral impact of car crash

A
  • vehicle is struck from the side (“T-bone collision”)
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18
Q

injuries of lateral impact of car crash

A
  • fracture of clavicle, ribs, or pelvis
  • pulmonary contusion
  • ruptured liver or spleen (depending on side involved)
  • head and neck injury
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19
Q

pulmonary contusion

A

“bruise to the lungs”
- “causes bleeding and swelling”

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20
Q

injuries of rotational impact of car crash

A

produces same injuries as commonly found in head-on and lateral crashes

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21
Q

injuries of rollover crash

A

ejection, may have several types of injuries

22
Q

rear end impact of car crash

A

vehicle struck from behind

23
Q

injuries of rear end impact of car crash

A

back and neck injuries
- hyperextension

24
Q

injuries of primary blast

A

injuries to ears, lungs, CNS, eyes, GI tract

25
Q

danger of primary blast

A

pressure wave

26
Q

danger of secondary blast

A

flying debris

27
Q

injuries of secondary blast

A

blunt, penetrating, and lacerating injuries

28
Q

danger of tertiary blast

A

patient is thrown and injured by impact on ground or other objects

29
Q

another name for first degree burns

A

superficial

30
Q

injuries of first degree burns

A
  • reddened skin
  • pain at burn site
  • involves only epidermis, no blistering
  • heals spontaneously in 2-3 days
31
Q

another name for second degree burns

A

partial thickness

32
Q

injuries of second degree burns

A
  • intense pain
  • white to red skin
  • blistering, moist-mottled skin
  • involves epidermin and dermis
33
Q

mottled skin

A

“a skin condition that causes irregular patches of discoloration to form a marble-like pattern across the skin”

34
Q

another name for third degree burns

A

full thickness

35
Q

injuries of third degree burns

A
  • dry, leathery skin (white, dark brown, or charred)
  • painless
  • all dermal layers/tissues may be involved
36
Q

injuries of fourth degree burns

A
  • involvement of muscle and bone
  • charred appearance
  • painless
37
Q

rules of 9’s (adult)*

A

used to assess size of burn for adults

38
Q

rules of 9’s (pediatric)*

A

used to assess size of burn for children

39
Q

glottis

A

“the middle part of larynx; the area where the vocal cords are located”

40
Q

signs of inhalational injury above glottis

A
  • the upper airway “normalizes” the temp of the inspired air
  • however, sustains the impact of the superheated air
  • facial burns
  • signed nasal or facial hair
  • “sooty” sputum
  • hypoxemia
  • stridor
  • red mucus membranes
  • grunting respirations
41
Q

signs of inhalational injury below glottis

A
  • steam inhalations more likely to reach lower airways (has 4,000 times the heat carrying capacity than dry air)
  • wheezes
  • crackles or rhonchi
  • productive cough
  • hypoxemia
  • bronchial spasm
42
Q

carbon monoxide

A

odorless, tasteless gas
- produces false pulse oximetry reading

43
Q

carbon monoxide poisoning

A
  • cherry red skin only presents at levels above 40% (late sign)
  • “multiple people feeling ill in same residence/building”
  • nausea/vomiting
  • headache
  • decreased LOC
  • weakness
  • tachypnea
  • tachycardia
44
Q

management of CO poisoning

A

high flow, high concentration oxygen

45
Q

acid burn

A

burning process lasts 1-2 minutes
- causes coagulation

46
Q

coagulation

A

“the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot”

47
Q

alkalis burn

A

burning process lasts minutes to hours
- causes liquefaction necrosis

48
Q

liquefaction necrosis

A

“type of necrosis which results in a transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass”

49
Q

toxic inhalation*

A
  • synthetic resin combustion
  • cyanide and hydrogen sulfide
  • systemic poisoning (more frequent than thermal inhalation burn)
50
Q

systemic poisoning

A

“toxic effects may occur at multiple sites [of body]”

51
Q

necrosis

A

“cell death”

EMT (20 decks)

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