Shock Trauma Terminology Flashcards
hypovolemic shock
due to inadequate circulating blood volume
most common causes of hypovolemic shock
- hemorrhage
- dehydration
signs of hypovolemic shock
- hypotension
- tachycardia
- anxiety & confusion
cardiogenic shock
compromise of cardiac output despite adequate circulating blood volume
causes of cardiogenic shock
- heart failure
- cardiac tamponade
- MI (most common cause)
- third degree heart block
signs of cardiogenic shock
- hypotension
- tachycardia
- pulmonary edema
- anxiety & confusion
pulmonary edema
“condition in which fluid builds up in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe”
obstructive shock
inability to produce adequate cardiac output despite normal volume and myocardial function
causes of obstructive shock
- cardiac tamponade
- tension pneumothorax
- pulmonary embolism
pulmonary embolism
“a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel in the body”
signs of obstructive shock
- difficulty breathing (underlying issue)
- JVD (underlying issue)
- tachycardia
- anxiety & confusion
underlying issue
“basic; foundational”
compensated stage of shock
- mild tachycardia
- AAO, lethargic, slightly confused, restless, anxious
- delayed capillary refill, cool skin
- BP: normal or slightly elevated
what does AAO stand for?
awake, alert, & oriented
decompensated stage of shock
- moderate tachycardia
- confusion, unconsciousness
- delayed capillary refill, cold extremities, cyanosis
- BP: decreased systolic and diastolic bp
irreversible stage of shock
- bradycardia. severe dysrhythmias
- coma
- pale, cold, clammy skin
- BP: frank hypotension
dysrhythmias
- “abnormality in physiological rhythm, especially activity of the brain or heart”
causes of shock
- multiple severe fractures
- abdominal or chest injury
- spinal injury
- severe infection
- major heart attack
- anaphylaxis
- bleeding
- respiratory failure
- acute allergic reactions
- infection
signs of shock
- restlessness and anxiety (earliest signs of shock)
- patient may be thirsty, feel nauseated, and vomit
- pale, cold, clammy skin (mottled)
- heart speeds up
- as bleeding or fluid loss continues, bp falls
distributive shock
results when there is widespread dilation of small arterioles, small venules
neurogenic shock
due to damage to nervous system that controls size and muscular tone of blood vessels
- all vessels below level of spinal injury dilate widely, increasing size and capacity of vascular system
anaphylactic shock
occurs when people react violently to a substance to which they have been sensitized
- results in widespread vascular dilation, increased permeability, and bronchoconstriction
psychogenic shock
a sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting
management of shock
- manage the airway
- administer supplemental oxygen
- place patient in a position of comfort
- obtain vital signs
- obtain IV/IO access for medication
- maintain body heat
