Shock Trauma Terminology

Question 1

hypovolemic shock

Answer 1

due to inadequate circulating blood volume

Question 2

most common causes of hypovolemic shock

Answer 2

• hemorrhage
• dehydration

Question 3

signs of hypovolemic shock

Answer 3

• hypotension
• tachycardia
• anxiety & confusion

Question 4

cardiogenic shock

Answer 4

compromise of cardiac output despite adequate circulating blood volume

Question 5

causes of cardiogenic shock

Answer 5

• heart failure
• cardiac tamponade
• MI (most common cause)
• third degree heart block

Question 6

signs of cardiogenic shock

Answer 6

• hypotension
• tachycardia
• pulmonary edema
• anxiety & confusion

Question 7

pulmonary edema

Answer 7

“condition in which fluid builds up in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe”

Question 8

obstructive shock

Answer 8

inability to produce adequate cardiac output despite normal volume and myocardial function

Question 9

causes of obstructive shock

Answer 9

• cardiac tamponade
• tension pneumothorax
• pulmonary embolism

Question 10

pulmonary embolism

Answer 10

“a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel in the body”

Question 11

signs of obstructive shock

Answer 11

• difficulty breathing (underlying issue)
• JVD (underlying issue)
• tachycardia
• anxiety & confusion

Question 12

underlying issue

Answer 12

“basic; foundational”

Question 13

compensated stage of shock

Answer 13

• mild tachycardia
• AAO, lethargic, slightly confused, restless, anxious
• delayed capillary refill, cool skin
• BP: normal or slightly elevated

Question 14

what does AAO stand for?

Answer 14

awake, alert, & oriented

Question 15

decompensated stage of shock

Answer 15

• moderate tachycardia
• confusion, unconsciousness
• delayed capillary refill, cold extremities, cyanosis
• BP: decreased systolic and diastolic bp

Question 16

irreversible stage of shock

Answer 16

• bradycardia. severe dysrhythmias
• coma
• pale, cold, clammy skin
• BP: frank hypotension

Question 17

dysrhythmias

Answer 17

• “abnormality in physiological rhythm, especially activity of the brain or heart”

Question 18

causes of shock

Answer 18

• multiple severe fractures
• abdominal or chest injury
• spinal injury
• severe infection
• major heart attack
• anaphylaxis
• bleeding
• respiratory failure
• acute allergic reactions
• infection

Question 19

signs of shock

Answer 19

• restlessness and anxiety (earliest signs of shock)
• patient may be thirsty, feel nauseated, and vomit
• pale, cold, clammy skin (mottled)
• heart speeds up
• as bleeding or fluid loss continues, bp falls

Question 20

distributive shock

Answer 20

results when there is widespread dilation of small arterioles, small venules

Question 21

neurogenic shock

Answer 21

due to damage to nervous system that controls size and muscular tone of blood vessels
- all vessels below level of spinal injury dilate widely, increasing size and capacity of vascular system

Question 22

anaphylactic shock

Answer 22

occurs when people react violently to a substance to which they have been sensitized
- results in widespread vascular dilation, increased permeability, and bronchoconstriction

Question 23

psychogenic shock

Answer 23

a sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting

Question 24

management of shock

Answer 24

• manage the airway
• administer supplemental oxygen
• place patient in a position of comfort
• obtain vital signs
• obtain IV/IO access for medication
• maintain body heat