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EMT > Abdominal & GI Emergency Terminology > Flashcards

Abdominal & GI Emergency Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

visceral pain*

A

“organ pain”; “pain that originates in the internal organs”
- caused by stimulation of autonomic nerve fibers that surround an organ

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2
Q

somatic pain

A

produced by bacterial or chemical irritation of nerve fibers in the peritoneum
- usually constant and localized to a specific area
- sharp or stabbing pain

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3
Q

referred pain

A

pain in the part of the body considerably removed from the tissues tha tcause the pain

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4
Q

Grey’s Turner

A

bruising of the skin of the flanks or loin in retroperitoneal hemorrhage and acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

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5
Q

flank

A

“the fleshy part of the side between the ribs and the hip”

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6
Q

loin

A

“the portion of the body below the rib cage and just above the pelvis”

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7
Q

retroperitoneal

A

“having to do with the area outside or behind the peritoneum”

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8
Q

Cullen’s Sign

A

the appearance of irregulary formed hemorrhagic patches on the skin around the umbilicus

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9
Q

umbilicus

A

“the official anatomical term for your navel or bellybutton”

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10
Q

upper GI bleed

A

above ligament of Treitz

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11
Q

Treitz

A

“band of tissue in the abdomen”

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12
Q

symptoms of upper GI bleeds

A
  • hematemesis
  • melena (probable)
  • hematochezia (possible)
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13
Q

melena

A

“form of blood in stool, referring to the dark black, tarry feces”
- “commonly associated with upper GI bleeding”

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14
Q

hematemesis

A

“vomiting blood”

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15
Q

hematochezia

A

flesh blood in stools

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16
Q

lower GI bleeds

A

below ligament of Treitz

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17
Q

symptoms of lower GI bleed

A
  • melena (possible)
  • hematochezia (probable)
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18
Q

probable

A

“likely to be true or likely to happen”

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19
Q

causes of upper GI bleeds

A
  • peptic ulcer disease (probable)
  • gastritis, esophagitis
  • variceal rupture (probable)
  • Mallory-Weiss tear
  • gastric or duodenal ulcers (probable)
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20
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

“open sore or break in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or lower esophagus”

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21
Q

gastritis

A

“medical condition that causes inflammation, redness, and swelling of the stomach lining”

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22
Q

esophagitis

A

“inflammation of the esophagus”

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23
Q

variceal rupture

A

“medical emergency that occurs when abnormally dilated veins (varices) in the GI tract rupture and bleed”

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24
Q

Mallory-Weiss tear

A

laceration of the esophagus caused by excessive “retching” and vomiting
- associated with bulimia
- tear does not extend through entire esophagus

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25
Q

duodenal

A
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26
Q

causes of lower GI bleed

A
  • diverticulosis (probable)
  • colon lesion
  • rectal lesion
  • anal fissures
  • inflammatory bowel disorders (ex: ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease)
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27
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

“an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers in your digestive tract”

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28
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

“chronic IBD that causes inflammation of the GI tract over a long period of time”

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29
Q

inflammatory bowel disorder

A

“chronic group of diseases that cause inflammation in the intestine”

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30
Q

fissure

A

“medical condition where the skin splits or tears apart”

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31
Q

diverticulosis

A

“condition where abnormal pouches (diverticula) form in the walls of the GI tract”

32
Q

management of GI bleeds

A
  • ABC’s
  • left lateral recumbent/high semi-fowler’s position (protect airway)
  • oxygenation via non-rebreather mask
  • contact ALS for fluid replacement and antiemetic administration
33
Q

antiemetic

A

“medications that treat or prevent nausea and vomiting”

34
Q

semi-fowler’s position

A

“supine position where a patient lays on their back with the head of the bed raised 30-45 degrees”

35
Q

bulimia

A

“eating disorder characterized by uncontrolled episodes of overeating”

36
Q

irritable bowel

A
  • abdominal pain
  • cramping
  • increased gas
  • altered bowel habits
  • food intolerance
  • abdominal distention
37
Q

abdominal distention

A

“measurable increase in the size of the abdomen often caused by a buildup of air or fluid”

38
Q

bowel obstruction

A

blockage of bowel lumen

39
Q

signs of bowel obstruction

A
  • hernias
  • intussusception
  • volvulus
  • adhesions
40
Q

hernia

A

opening in wall

41
Q

volvulus

A

knotting

42
Q

intussusception

A

“serious condition that occurs when part of the intestine fold into the section next to it, similar to a telescope”

43
Q

adhesion

A

“a band of scar tissue that causes two internal body surfaces to stick together when they normally aren’t conencted”

44
Q

causes of bowel obstruction

A
  • foreign bodies
  • gallstones
  • tumors
  • adhesions form abdominal surgery
  • bowel infarction
45
Q

bowel infarction

A

“a life-threatening condition that occurs when the small intestine doesn’t receive enough blood flow”

46
Q

gallstone

A

“hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder”

47
Q

lumen

A

“a term that describes the cavity within the tubular structure”

48
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of vemiform appendix
- occurs mostly in young adults
- rupture leads to peritoneal irritation (sepsis)

49
Q

vemiform appendix

A

junction of large and small intestines

50
Q

junction

A

” the place of union or coming together of two parts or tissue layers”

51
Q

sepsis

A

“a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s immune system has an extreme response to an infection, damaging its own tissues and organs”

52
Q

peritoneal

A

“the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the environment”

53
Q

location of appendicitis

A

appendicitis pain starts periumbilical (around the umbilicus) and radiates to the RLQ

54
Q

what does RLQ stand for?

A

right lower quadrant

55
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

1-2 inches between anterior iliac crest and umbilicus

56
Q

choolecysitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder
- cased by gallstones

57
Q

symptoms of cholecystitis

A
  • acute attack (RUQ pain)
  • can occur after a “fatty” meal
  • Murphy’s sign
58
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

right costal tenderness

59
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

the actual formation of the gallstones

60
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas
- can have decreased blood flow resulting in ischemia
- lesions can erode and hemorrhage

61
Q

four main causes of pancreatitis

A
  • metabolic (alcoholism)
  • mechanical (gallstones)
  • vascular (thromboembolus or shock)
  • infectious (infectious disease)
62
Q

navel

A

“a depression in the middle of the abdomen that marks the point of former attachment of the umbilical cord to the embryo”

63
Q

cause of Hepatitis A

A

fecal/oral route (poor handwashing)

64
Q

cause of Hepatitis B

A

bloodborne pathogens

65
Q

cause of Hepatitis C

A

blood transfusions (needle sharing)

66
Q

cause of Hepatitis D

A

dormant use activated by HBV

67
Q

dormant

A

“in an inactive phase but not cured”

68
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B virus

69
Q

cause of Hepatitis E

A

waterborne

70
Q

cause of Hepatitis G

A

developed after transfusion

71
Q

signs of hepatitis

A
  • RUQ pin
  • jaundice
  • nausea/vomiting
  • malaise
    = photophobia
  • pharyngitis
  • coughing
72
Q

jaundice

A

“medical condition that causes yellow discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes”

73
Q

malaise

A

“a general feeling of discomfort weakness, or lack of health”

74
Q

photophobia

A

“medical condition that causes eyes to be more sensitive to light than normal”

75
Q

pharyngitis

A

“symptoms of inflammation in the pharynx”

EMT (20 decks)

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