Pediatric Emergency Terminology

Question 1

normal awake heart rate of neonate

Answer 1

100-205 bpm

Question 2

normal sleeping heart rate of neonate & infant

Answer 2

90-160 bpm

Question 3

normal respiratory rate of neonate

Answer 3

40-60 breaths/min

Question 4

normal awake heart rate of infant

Answer 4

100-180 bpm

Question 5

normal respiratory rate of infant

Answer 5

30-53 breaths/min

Question 6

normal awake heart rate of toddler

Answer 6

98-140 bpm

Question 7

normal sleeping heart rate of toddler

Answer 7

80-120 bpm

Question 8

normal respiratory rate of toddler

Answer 8

22-37 breaths/min

Question 9

normal awake heart rate of preschooler

Answer 9

80-120 bpm

Question 10

normal sleeping heart rate of preschooler

Answer 10

65-100 bpm

Question 11

normal respiratory rate of preschooler

Answer 11

20-28 breaths/min

Question 12

normal awake heart rate of school-aged child

Answer 12

75-118 bpm

Question 13

normal sleeping heart rate of school-aged child

Answer 13

58-90 bpm

Question 14

normal respiratory rate of school-aged child

Answer 14

18-25 breaths/min

Question 15

normal awake heart rate of adolescent

Answer 15

60-100 bpm

Question 16

normal sleeping heart rate of adolescent

Answer 16

50-90 bpm

Question 17

normal respiratory rate of adolescent

Answer 17

12-20 breaths/min

Question 18

normal bp

Answer 18

80 + (2 x age)

Question 19

croup

Answer 19

“an infection of the upper airways that causes breathing difficulty and a ‘barking’ cough”
- usually viral
- 6 months to 4 years

Question 20

signs of croup

Answer 20

• hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, barking cough
• temp is less than or equal to 104
• most emergency episodes occur at night

Question 21

management of croup

Answer 21

• cool mist or humidified oxygen
• nebulized racemic epinephrine

Question 22

epiglottis

Answer 22

epiglottis inflammation
- bacterial
- occurs at any age

Question 23

signs of epiglottis

Answer 23

• begins suddenly
• muffled voice
• drooling, difficulty or painful swallowing
• temp is equal to or greater than 104
• often found in tripod position

Question 24

management of epiglottis

Answer 24

• keep child calm
• provide oxygen (if tolerable)

Question 25

bronchiolitis

Answer 25

“inflammation of the bronchioles usually caused by an acute viral illness”
- caused by viral infection
- usually less than 2 years of age

Question 26

signs of bronchiolitis

Answer 26

• often occurs in winter
• coarse breath sounds

Question 27

management of bronchiolitis

Answer 27

• oxygen administration
• albuterol
• nebulized epinephrine

Question 28

meningitis

Answer 28

“the infection and inflammation of the meninges”
- viral or bacterial
- protect yourself with N95 mask

Question 29

signs of meningitis

Answer 29

• stiff neck (Kernig’s and/or Brudzinski’s sign)
• high fever
• petechiae
• purpura

Question 30

Kernig’s Sign

Answer 30

“severe stiffness of hamstrings causes an inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed 90 degrees”

Question 31

Brudzinski’s Sign

Answer 31

“severe neck stiffness causes patient’s hips and knees to flex when neck is flexed”

Question 32

petechiae

Answer 32

pink/red rash (spots on skin)

Question 33

purpura

Answer 33

dark purple lesions

Question 34

lesion

Answer 34

“an area of abnormal or damaged tissue caused by injury, infection, or disease”

Question 35

meninges

Answer 35

“the three membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord”