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EMT > Chest & Abdominal Trauma Terminology > Flashcards

Chest & Abdominal Trauma Terminology Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in the pleural space
- may be massive: 2-3mL
- dullness on percussion
- narrow pulse pressure
- hypotension/hypovolemia
- no JVD

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2
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air in the pleural space
- JVD
- hyperresonance on percussion
- subcutaneous emphysema
- hypotensive (late stages) - obstructive shock

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3
Q

similarities of hemothorax/tension pneumothorax

A
  • tachypnea
  • dyspnea
  • cyanosis
  • diminished or decreased breath sounds
  • tracheal deviation (late sign)
  • asymmetrical chest rise
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4
Q

deviation

A

“a departure from the normal”

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5
Q

narrow pulse pressure

A

“when your pulse pressure is less than 25% of your systolic bp”

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6
Q

what does JVD stand for?

A

jugular vein distention

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7
Q

JVD

A

“large vein in neck bulges visibly”

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8
Q

hyperresonance

A

“an exaggerated chest resonance heard in various abnormal pulmonary conditions”

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9
Q

subcutaneous emphysema

A

“rare condition that occurs when air or gas accumulates under the skin, where it’s not normally present”

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10
Q

flail chest

A

“two or more adjacent ribs are fractures in two or more places”

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11
Q

adjacent

A

“close to or near something”

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12
Q

signs of flail chest

A
  • bruising
  • tenderness
  • crepitus
  • paradoxical motion with inspiration and expiration (late sign)
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13
Q

paradoxical motion

A

“chest wall moves in on inspiration and out on respiration, in reverse of the normal movement”

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14
Q

management of flail chest

A
  • SPO2 and ETCO2 monitoring
  • assist ventilations to achieve SPO2 > 94%
  • consider CPAP
  • contact ALS for advanced airway management
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15
Q

CPAP

A

“machine that uses mild air pressure to keep breathing airways open (while you sleep)”

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16
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

when 25mL of pericardial fluid is in between the visceral pericardium (innermost lining) and parietal pericardium (middle lining)
- excess fluid that builds up in the pericardial sac (puts pressure on heart which prevents it from filling and pumping like needed)
- causes cardiogenic or obstructive shock
- often occurs due to blunt trauma (ex: steering wheel to chest)

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17
Q

pericarditis

A

“swelling and irritation of the thin, saclike tissue surrounding the heart”

18
Q

neoplasm

A

“a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body”

19
Q

management of tamponade

A
  • ABC’s
  • oxygen
  • contact ALS
20
Q

Beck’s Triad

A

triage of key signs of tamponade
- JVD
- muffled heart sounds
- hypotension

21
Q

other signs of tamponade

A
  • chest pain
  • dyspnea
  • orthopnea
  • narrowing pulse pressure
  • electrical alternans
  • pulsus paradoxus
  • altered LOC
22
Q

orthopnea

A

“dyspnea that happens when when you’re lying on your back”

23
Q

electrical alternans

A

“alternating QRS amplitude in any or all leads on an ECG with no additional evident changes in conduction pathways of the heart”

24
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

“when your bp decreases with inhalation”

25
Q

evisceration

A

protrusion of (an) internal organ(s) or the peritoneal contents through a wound

26
Q

peritoneal

A

“the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen”

27
Q

management of evisceration

A
  • cover eviscerated contents with moist, sterile dressing
  • cover moist dressing with dry dress to conserve organ temp
  • never attempt to place organs back in cavity
28
Q

solid organ injury

A
  • rapid and significant blood loss
29
Q

solid organs most injured?

A
  • liver
  • spleen
30
Q

liver

A

largest organ in abdominal cavity

31
Q

spleen

A

left upper quadrant
- 40% of patients have no immediate symptoms
- Kehr’s Sign (pain in left shoulder)

32
Q

hollow organ injury

A
  • spillage of contents is primary concern (sepsis, wound infection, abscess formation)
33
Q

hollow organs?

A
  • stomach
  • colon
  • small intestine
34
Q

stomach injury

A

not often injured by blunt trauma

35
Q

colon and small intestine injury

A

more likely to be injured by penetrating trauma than blunt trauma

36
Q

sepsis

A

“life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when the body’s immune system has an extreme response to infection”

37
Q

abscess formation

A

“a collection of pus surrounded by tissue that forms when the body’s immune system tries to fight an infection”

38
Q

management of abdominal trauma

A
  • stabilize patient and rapid transport
  • position of comfort
  • oxygen
  • check for other injuries
  • reassess every 5 minutes
39
Q

dyspnea

A

“shortness of breath”

40
Q

pulse pressure

A

“difference between systolic and diastolic bp”

41
Q

chest resonance

A

“the vibration in the chest cavity that occurs when someone speaks or sings”

EMT (20 decks)

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